时效温度对Ti35421钛合金真空电子束接头组织和力学性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.18.127

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (18): 127-137.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.18.127

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇

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时效温度对Ti35421钛合金真空电子束接头组织和力学性能的影响

张政^1,2, 丁来法^1,2, 张宇鹏^1,3, 秦彬皓^1,3, 王海燕^1,3

1. 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所广州 510650;
2. 沈阳工业大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110870;
3. 广东省材料连接与先进制造重点实验室广州 510650

收稿日期:2024-08-29 修回日期:2024-11-26 发布日期:2025-11-08
作者简介:张政，男，2000年出生。主要研究方向为高强韧亚稳态β钛合金微观组织和力学性能。E-mail：zhzh8013@163.com;王海燕(通信作者)，女，1992年出生，博士，高级工程师，硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为先进材料制备与连接。E-mail：wanghy@gwi.gd.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52305342)、广东省科学院发展专项资金(2022GDASZH-2022010108, 2023GDASQNRC-0305)和国家重点研发计划(2020YFE0205300)资助项目

Effects of Aging Temperature on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Performance of Ti-35421 Titanium Alloy Electron Beam Welded Joints

ZHANG Zheng^1,2, DING Laifa^1,2, ZHANG Yupeng^1,3, QIN Binhao^1,3, WANG Haiyan^1,3

1. China-Ukraine Institute of Welding, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650;
2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870;
3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Material Joining and Advanced Manufacturing, Guangzhou 510650

Received:2024-08-29 Revised:2024-11-26 Published:2025-11-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究采用真空电子束焊接技术制备了Ti-35421钛合金焊接接头，并系统研究了其显微组织特征与力学性能演变规律。通过焊接接头组织分析、显微硬度测试、拉伸测试及断口分析等表征手段，揭示了焊接接头的微观组织演变及其对力学性能的影响机制。微观组织分析表明，接头焊缝区域呈现典型的粗大柱状β晶粒组织特征，而母材区域则由长条状初生α相和层状次生α相均匀分布于β基体构成。力学性能测试结果显示，由于焊接过程中晶内位错密度显著降低以及β基体硬度下降，导致焊接接头的拉伸性能较母材出现严重恶化。为改善焊接接头的力学性能，对焊接接头进行了300～600 ℃温度区间的时效处理。时效过程中，β基体内析出了细小弥散的α相，这些弥散分布的析出相对β基体产生了显著的强化作用。显微硬度测试结果表明，经过时效处理后，焊缝区域和热影响区的硬度均得到显著提升。拉伸性能测试进一步证实，时效处理有效改善了接头的力学性能，其中在550～600 ℃时效温度区间，接头获得了最佳的强韧性匹配。这一研究结果为优化Ti-35421钛合金电子束焊接接头的力学性能提供了重要的理论依据和工艺指导。

关键词: 钛合金, 电子束焊接, 热处理, 时效温度

Abstract: In this study, vacuum electron beam welding technology is employed to fabricate Ti-35421 titanium alloy welded joints, and the microstructural characteristics and mechanical property evolution are systematically investigated. Through characterization methods such as weld joint microstructure analysis, microhardness testing, tensile testing, and fracture analysis, the microstructural evolution of the welded joints and its influence on the mechanical properties are revealed. Microstructural analysis indicates that the weld zone exhibits typical coarse columnar β grain structures, while the base metal region consists of elongated primary α phase and lamellar secondary α phase uniformly distributed in the β matrix. Mechanical property testing results show that the tensile properties of the welded joints are significantly deteriorated compared to the base metal, primarily due to the notable reduction in intracrystalline dislocation density and the decrease in β matrix hardness during the welding process. In order to improve the mechanical properties, the joints are aged in the temperature range of 300-600 ℃. In the aging process, small and dispersed α phases are precipitated in the β matrix, which has a significant strengthening effect on the β matrix. The hardness of weld zone and heat-affected zone is significantly improved after aging treatment. Tensile test further confirms that the aging treatment effectively improves the mechanical properties of the joint, in which the joint obtains the best strength and toughness matching in the aging temperature range of 550-600 ℃. The research results provide important theoretical basis and technical guidance for optimizing the mechanical properties of electron beam welded joint of Ti-35421 titanium alloy.

Key words: titanium alloy, electron beam welding, heat treatment, aging temperature

中图分类号:

TG146

张政, 丁来法, 张宇鹏, 秦彬皓, 王海燕. 时效温度对Ti35421钛合金真空电子束接头组织和力学性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(18): 127-137.

ZHANG Zheng, DING Laifa, ZHANG Yupeng, QIN Binhao, WANG Haiyan. Effects of Aging Temperature on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Performance of Ti-35421 Titanium Alloy Electron Beam Welded Joints[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(18): 127-137.

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时效温度对Ti35421钛合金真空电子束接头组织和力学性能的影响

Effects of Aging Temperature on Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Performance of Ti-35421 Titanium Alloy Electron Beam Welded Joints

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