高球形度钛基复合粉末制备与激光选区成形

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.13.429

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (13): 429-439.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.13.429

• 制造工艺与装备 • 上一篇

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高球形度钛基复合粉末制备与激光选区成形

赵朔¹, 郭蒙², 任宇航¹, 谢依莲², 杨光², 王向明³

1. 沈阳航空航天大学航空制造工艺数字化国防重点学科实验室沈阳 110136;
2. 沈阳航空航天大学机电工程学院沈阳 110136;
3. 中国航空工业集团有限公司沈阳飞机设计研究所沈阳 110035

收稿日期:2024-07-17 修回日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-08-09
作者简介:赵朔，女，1988 年出生，博士，讲师。主要研究方向为金属增材制造与 3D打印，先进材料设计与表征。E-mail：szhaosau@163.com；szhao@sau.edu.cn;杨光(通信作者)，男，1978 年出生，博士，博士研究生导师，主要研究方向为激光/电弧增材制造工艺与装备、航空航天结构增材制造、性能考核、评价和应用，增材修复激光沉积制造等。E-mail：yangguang@sau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52375359)、辽宁省国际科技合作计划(2023JH2/10700024)、教育部重点实验室开放基金(JYB202305)和辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目。

High Sphericity Titanium-based Composite Powder Fabrication and Selective Laser Melting

ZHAO Shuo¹, GUO Meng², REN Yuhang¹, XIE Yilian², YANG Guang², WANG Xiangming³

1. Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science for National Defence of Aeronautical Digital Manufacturing Process, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136;
2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136;
3. Shenyang Aircraft Design Institute, China Aviation Industry Group Corporation, Shenyang 110035

Received:2024-07-17 Revised:2025-01-20 Published:2025-08-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 激光选区熔化技术(Selective laser melting, SLM)由于其粉末成分的可控性，被广泛用于新型复合材料制备。基于对粉末床的均匀性和平整度的需求，要求所用粉体具有较高的球形度与粉末粒径错配度。利用高能球磨技术，在氩气环境中分别采用干球磨、湿球磨以及空心混粉三种不同的混粉工艺制备Ti-6Al-4V/TiB₂复合粉末，研究不同介质、不同工艺下磨球、强化相、基体粉末间相互作用机制。研究发现，转速为230 r/min，球磨时间为24 h，无球磨球空心混粉，是使复合粉末保持良好球形度以及保证混合均匀性的最佳混粉工艺。通过对磨球、Ti-6Al-4V及TiB₂颗粒的动态受力分析与能量累积效应研究，发现在高能磨球的冲击下应力焊合机制使增强相与基体粉末间形成强结合，但巨大冲击作用使球形粉末发生了严重变形。提出的新型空心混粉技术在保证Ti-6Al-4V粉末球形度的同时，强化了相与粉末之间形成有力的钉扎作用，为制备高质量块体Ti-6Al-4V/TiB₂复合材料提供了重要的粉体基础，最后利用SLM技术并优化混粉工艺成功制备了块体高性能钛基复合材料，研究其致密度、组织与力学性能之间的关系。

关键词: 高能球磨, 钛合金复合粉末, 粉末球形度, 激光选区熔融, 致密度

Abstract: Selective laser melting technology (SLM) is widely used in the fabrication of new composites materials because of its controllable composition of powder raw materials. At the same time, based on the demand for the uniformity and flatness of the powder bed, the powder material used is required to have a specific high sphericity and a mismatch distribution of the powder particle size. High-energy ball milling technology is used to manufacture Ti-6Al-4V/TiB₂ composite powder by three different mixing processes of dry ball milling, wet ball milling and hollow mixing powder in argon atmosphere. The action mechanism of grinding ball, strengthening phase and matrix powder under different media and different processes is studied. It is found that the best mixing process for keeping good ball shape and mixing uniformity of the composite powder is that the rotating speed is 230 r/min, the milling time is 24 hours, and the hollow powder mixing without grinding ball. Through the analysis of the dynamic force relationship and energy accumulation of grinding ball, Ti-6Al-4V and TiB₂ particles, the stress welding mechanism makes a strong bond between the reinforcing phase and the matrix powder under the impact of high energy grinding ball, but the huge energy accumulation causes serious deformation of the spherical powder. The new hollow mixing technology proposed in this thesis ensures the sphericity of Ti-6Al-4V powder while forming a strong pinning effect between the reinforcing phase and the powder, finally, an important powder base for the fabrication of high-quality block Ti-6Al-4V/TiB₂ composites is successfully prepared. Bulk titanium-based composite materials by using the SLM technology and the optimal mixing and preparation process of the composite powders. The relationship between density, structure and mechanical properties is studied.

Key words: grinding ball, titanium composite powder, powder sphericity, selective laser melting, relative density

中图分类号:

V261
TB331

赵朔, 郭蒙, 任宇航, 谢依莲, 杨光, 王向明. 高球形度钛基复合粉末制备与激光选区成形[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(13): 429-439.

ZHAO Shuo, GUO Meng, REN Yuhang, XIE Yilian, YANG Guang, WANG Xiangming. High Sphericity Titanium-based Composite Powder Fabrication and Selective Laser Melting[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(13): 429-439.

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高球形度钛基复合粉末制备与激光选区成形

High Sphericity Titanium-based Composite Powder Fabrication and Selective Laser Melting

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