航空钛合金电阻点焊的动态特征分析

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.16.166

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 当前对电阻焊中多参数动态特征的规律缺乏系统性研究。钛合金电阻点焊过程中的动态特征与焊接质量有着密切的关系，采用智能型三相次级整流点焊机的数据采集系统及可视化功能获取动态信息，分析点焊过程各阶段的特点，对比研究通电阶段电极压力、焊接电流和电极位移在不同工艺参数条件下的动态特征及其变化规律，提取反映焊点质量的动态特征量。结果表明，压力动态变化同步于焊接电流，而电极位移滞后于焊接电流，每周压力均值、电流有效值和电极位移变化特征在整个通电期间的前期动态变化幅度比较大，后期变化平稳，焊接过程中的压力变化量、电流有效值变化率、位移上升率、最大位移量等动态特征量受到点焊工艺参数焊接压力、焊接电流和焊接时间的重要影响，从而影响最终的点焊质量，可作为焊接质量评定的指标。为钛合金点焊在线质量监测提供了基础。

关键词: 钛合金, 点焊过程, 电极位移, 动态特征量, 质量评定

Abstract: At present, there is a lack of systematic research on the law of multi parameter dynamic characteristics in resistance welding.The dynamic characteristics in the resistance spot welding process of titanium alloy are closely related to the welding quality. The dynamic information is obtained by using the data acquisition system and visualization function of the intelligent three-phase secondary rectifier spot welding machine. The characteristics of each stage in the spot welding process are analyzed. The dynamic characteristics and variation rules of electrode pressure, welding current and electrode displacement under different process parameters during the energized welding stage are compared and studied, and the dynamic characteristic quantities reflecting the quality of the spot welding are extracted. The results show that the dynamic change of pressure is synchronous with the welding current, while the electrode displacement lags behind the welding current. The dynamic change range of the average pressure value per power cycle, current root mean square(RMS) and electrode displacement change characteristics is relatively large in the early stage of the whole power on period, and the later stage changes smoothly. The dynamic characteristics such as pressure variation, current RMS change rate, displacement rise rate and maximum displacement during the welding process are greatly affected by the spot welding process parameters such as welding pressure, current and welding time, thus affecting the final quality of spot welding, which can be used as the index for welding quality assessment. It provides a basis for online quality monitoring of titanium alloy spot welding.

Key words: titanium alloy, spot welding process, electrode displacement, dynamic characteristic quantity, quality assessment

中图分类号:

TG453

易润华, 邓黎鹏, 刘奋成. 航空钛合金电阻点焊的动态特征分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(16): 166-179.

YI Runhua, DENG Lipeng, LIU Fencheng. Dynamic Characteristics Analysis of Resistance Spot Welding of Aviation Titanium Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(16): 166-179.

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