2060铝锂合金超低温变形行为与复杂薄壁件拉深成形工艺研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.14.020

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (14): 20-28.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.14.020

• 特邀专栏：铝合金薄壁构件超低温成形制造新原理 • 上一篇下一篇

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2060铝锂合金超低温变形行为与复杂薄壁件拉深成形工艺研究

董非^1,2, 易幼平^1,2, 黄始全^1,2, 何海林^1,2

1. 中南大学轻合金研究院长沙 410083;
2. 中南大学极端服役性能精准制造全国重点实验室长沙 410083

收稿日期:2025-01-20 修回日期:2025-04-01 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-08-25
作者简介:董非，男，1994年出生，副教授。主要研究方向为轻质合金薄壁件成形。E-mail:dongfei_csu@163.com;易幼平(通信作者)，男，1966年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轻质合金材料与构件高性能成形制造方法与应用。E-mail:yyp@csu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0708802)和湖南省自然科学基金面上(2025JJ50211)资助项目。

Research on Cryogenic Deformation Behavior and Deep Drawing Process for Complex Thin-walled Parts of 2060 Aluminum-Lithium Alloy

DONG Fei^1,2, YI Youping^1,2, HUANG Shiquan^1,2, HE Hailin^1,2

1. Research Institute of Light Alloy, Central South University, Changsha 410083;
2. State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, Central South University, Changsha 410083

Received:2025-01-20 Revised:2025-04-01 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-08-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对铝锂合金复杂形状薄壁构件成形易开裂与性能损失突出问题，研究铝锂合金薄壁件超低温成形方法。发现成形温度由25 ℃降低至-196 ℃，2060铝锂合金塑性提升幅度超55%，微观组织观察表明超低温成形抑制了位错动态回复，提高了材料加工硬化能力，实现均匀塑性变形。相较于退火态合金，固溶淬火态合金具有更优超低温塑性，该现象归因于固溶淬火使合金中第二相溶入铝基体，抑制第二相引发的局部变形，促进变形带组织形成，提升变形后期加工硬化能力。通过超低温拉深成形实现了2060合金飞机舱门盆形样件一次成形，最大成形深度98 mm，对固溶淬火态合金超低温成形的构件进行时效处理，可实现优异的强塑性与疲劳性能匹配，本研究为航空铝锂合金复杂薄壁件形性协同制造提供了新方法。

关键词: 铝锂合金, 超低温成形, 加工硬化能力, 拉深成形, 强塑性

Abstract: A cryogenic forming method for aluminum-lithium alloy thin-walled components is investigated to address the issues of cracking tendency and property degradation during complex-shaped thin-wall forming. When the forming temperature is reduced from 25°C to –196°C, the plasticity of 2060 aluminum-lithium alloy is enhanced by over 55%. Microstructural observations reveal that cryogenic forming suppresses dynamic recovery of dislocations and enhances work hardening capability, enabling homogeneous plastic deformation. Compared with annealed alloys, solution-quenched alloys demonstrate superior cryogenic plasticity, which is attributed to the dissolution of second-phase particles into aluminum matrix during solution treatment. This phase dissolution mechanism effectively inhibits localized deformation induced by second-phase particles, promotes deformation band formation, and enhances work hardening capability during later deformation stages. A 2060 alloy aircraft door basin-shaped sample with maximum forming depth of 98 mm is successfully formed through cryogenic deep drawing in a single forming step. Components fabricated from solution-quenched alloy through cryogenic forming exhibit excellent strength-ductility synergy and fatigue performance after aging treatment. The findings provide a new approach for integrated forming-property manufacturing of complex thin-walled aviation aluminum-lithium alloy components.

Key words: aluminum-lithium alloy, cryogenic forming, work hardening capability, deep drawing, strength-ductility

中图分类号:

TG156

董非, 易幼平, 黄始全, 何海林. 2060铝锂合金超低温变形行为与复杂薄壁件拉深成形工艺研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(14): 20-28.

DONG Fei, YI Youping, HUANG Shiquan, HE Hailin. Research on Cryogenic Deformation Behavior and Deep Drawing Process for Complex Thin-walled Parts of 2060 Aluminum-Lithium Alloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(14): 20-28.

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2060铝锂合金超低温变形行为与复杂薄壁件拉深成形工艺研究

Research on Cryogenic Deformation Behavior and Deep Drawing Process for Complex Thin-walled Parts of 2060 Aluminum-Lithium Alloy

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