高强铝合金薄壁构件超低温成形制造研究进展

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.14.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新概念、长寿命、可重复使用航空航天器对传统高强铝合金薄壁构件的制造工艺和服役性能提出更高要求，如何实现该类复杂构件的高性能成形制造是当前亟待解决的难题。分析高强铝合金薄壁件整体成形技术存在的巨大挑战，在发现铝合金超低温“双增效应”的基础上，概述高强铝合金超低温成形技术的提出背景，综述分析近年来国内外学者在铝合金超低温变形双增效应与微观机制、超低温宏微观变形原位测试方法、超低温成形工艺与关键技术、超低温成形装备与典型应用等方面的研究进展，展望铝合金超低温成形技术未来的发展方向，为制造高性能航空航天器、电动汽车以及新能源储运装备等铝合金整体复杂曲面构件提供新途径。

关键词: 超低温成形, 高强铝合金, 薄壁构件, 工艺与装备, 双增效应

Abstract: Aerospace vehicles place higher demands on the manufacturing process and service for traditional high-strength aluminum alloy thin-walled components in terms of new concept, long life and reliability. The implementation of high-performance forming methods currently shows an urgent problem that needs to be solved for such complex components. First, the huge challenges were analyzed for the overall forming of high-strength aluminum alloy thin-walled components. Based on the discovery of the dual enhancement effect of aluminum alloys at cryogenic temperatures, the proposal background is summarized for the cryogenic forming technology. Then, comprehensive analyses on the dual enhancement effect and micro deformation mechanism were conducted for aluminum alloys at cryogenic temperatures by domestic and foreign scholars in recent years. Also, the in-situ testing method for macro and micro cryogenic deformations, cryogenic forming process and key technology, cryogenic forming equipment and typical applications were studied. Finally, the future development was discussed for the cryogenic forming of aluminum alloys. These researches can provide a new approach for the manufacture of aluminum alloy complex integral-curved components relating to aerospace vehicles, electric vehicles and new energy storage and transportation equipment.

Key words: cryogenic forming, high-strength aluminum alloy, thin-walled component, process and equipment, dual enhancement effect

中图分类号:

刘伟, 程旺军, 苑世剑. 高强铝合金薄壁构件超低温成形制造研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(14): 1-19.

LIU Wei, CHENG Wangjun, YUAN Shijian. Research Progress of Cryogenic Forming and Manufacturing of High-strength Aluminum Alloy Thin-walled Components[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(14): 1-19.

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