仿生微纳结构减阻表面及其制造技术研究综述

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.09.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 减阻表面在航空、航天、航海等众多领域因发挥着减少能耗的重要作用而受到越来越多的关注，如何实现高效减阻具有重要意义。自然界中的动植物经过上亿年的自然选择形成了许多具有低阻特性的表皮结构，模仿鲨鱼等低阻生物制备的仿生微纳结构表面为高效减阻提供了新思路。本综述系统总结了仿生微纳结构减阻表面的研究进展，梳理了鲨鱼和其他鱼类启发的减阻表面的形貌特征及减阻机制，阐述了高能束流加工技术、表面刻蚀加工技术、超精密机械加工技术、3D打印技术、生物复制成形技术等减阻表面的制造技术，并简述了现有仿生减阻表面在航天、体育赛事、管道输送等方面的实际应用情况。最后，基于研究进展、制造技术和实际应用的分析，总结了仿生微纳结构减阻表面的突出优势，并凝练了仿生微纳结构减阻表面制造技术所面临的现状和挑战。

关键词: 仿生学, 微纳结构, 表面减阻, 鲨鱼皮, 超精密加工

Abstract: Drag reduction surfaces have been receiving increasing attention in various fields such as aviation, aerospace, and maritime due to their significant role in reducing energy consumption. And achieving high-efficiency drag reduction is significant. After hundreds of millions of years of natural selection, animals and plants in nature have developed numerous drag-reduction surfaces. The biomimetic micro/nanostructured surfaces by studying drag-reduction organisms, such as sharks, offer an innovative approach for efficient drag reduction. This review systematically summarizes the research progress of biomimetic micro/nanostructured surfaces for drag reduction and elucidates the morphological features and drag reduction mechanisms of shark-inspired surfaces and other fish-inspired surfaces. This work also describes the machining methods for biomimetic micro/nanostructured drag-reduction surfaces, including high-energy beam machining, surface etching, ultra-precision machining, 3D printing, and bio-replication technologies. Furthermore, it briefly outlines the practical applications of existing biomimetic drag-reduction surfaces in aerospace, sports events, pipeline transportation, and other areas. Finally, based on the analysis and summary of research progress, manufacturing methods, and practical applications, this study discusses the prominent advantages of biomimetic micro/nanostructured drag-reduction surfaces. It highlights the current status and challenges of machining technologies.

Key words: bionics, micro/nanostructures, surface drag-reduction, shark skin, ultraprecision machining

中图分类号:

TG156

崔线线, 杜晗恒, 陈华伟. 仿生微纳结构减阻表面及其制造技术研究综述[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(9): 1-22.

CUI Xianxian, DU Hanheng, CHEN Huawei. Review on Biomimetic Micro/nanostructured Surfaces and Their Manufacturing Techniques for Drag Reduction[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(9): 1-22.

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