氧化铝纤维强化陶瓷型芯的3D打印及尺寸精度控制

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.05.323

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对航空涡轮叶片用陶瓷型芯的复杂内腔结构，为满足型芯尺寸精度从而提高叶片的铸造合格率。通过光固化3D打印技术制造了氧化硅基陶瓷型芯。原料选用熔融石英粉、莫来石粉和氧化铝粉，添加纤维长度为48～100 μm不同质量百分比的氧化铝纤维作为第二相，探究其对型芯性能与尺寸精度的影响。当纤维质量分数为3.5%时，由于打印铺料中的刮刀作用，大多数纤维在打印层内表现出定向分布，其表面成为了裂纹扩展的快速通道，降低了抗弯强度。随着纤维质量分数逐渐增加至10.5%，一些纤维表现出无序分布，并连接层间裂纹，在断裂时纤维的拔出需要较大的自由能，提高了打印层间的结合强度。氧化铝纤维的加入成功的制备了低收缩率，高抗蠕变性能的陶瓷型芯，使型芯尺寸精度得到了显著提升。

关键词: 陶瓷型芯, 氧化铝纤维, 3D打印, 尺寸精度, 收缩率

Abstract: Aiming at the complex inner cavity structure of ceramic cores for aerospace turbine blades, in order to meet the dimensional accuracy of the cores and thus improve the casting qualification rate of the blades. Silicon oxide-based ceramic cores were fabricated by light-curing 3D printing technology. Fused silica powder, mullite powder and alumina powder are used as raw materials, and alumina fibres with different mass percentages of fibre lengths of about 48-100 μm are added as the second phase to investigate their effects on core performance and dimensional accuracy. When the fibre content was 3.5 wt%, most of the fibres exhibited a directional distribution within the printed layer due to the action of the squeegee in the print lay-up, and their surfaces became a fast channel for crack expansion, reducing the flexural strength. With the gradual increase of the fibre content to 10.5 wt%, some fibres showed disordered distribution and connected the interlayer cracks, and the pull-out of the fibres at the time of fracture required a large amount of free energy, which improved the bonding strength of the printed interlayer. The addition of alumina fibres successfully prepared ceramic cores with low shrinkage and high creep resistance, resulting in a significant improvement in core dimensional accuracy.

Key words: ceramic cores, alumina fibers, 3D printing, dimensional accuracy, shrinkage

中图分类号:

TG241

许西庆, 李世元, 杨永康, 周玉珑, 牛书鑫, 李鑫. 氧化铝纤维强化陶瓷型芯的3D打印及尺寸精度控制[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(5): 323-329.

XU Xiqing, LI Shiyuan, YANG Yongkang, ZHOU Yulong, NIU Shuxin, LI Xin. 3D Printing and Dimensional Accuracy Control of Ceramic Cores Reinforced by Alumina Fibers[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(5): 323-329.

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