人工智能在机器人辅助手术中的应用

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.17.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 机器人辅助手术旨在通过机器人系统协助医生实施外科手术，近年来受到越来越多的关注。人工智能的快速发展加快了机器人辅助手术向微创、智能和自主化的方向发展。综述了人工智能在机器人辅助手术中的应用，从医学图像处理、手术规划与导航、手术机器人运动控制与决策三方面进行总结。借助人工智能技术，医学图像处理的应用使医生更准确地获取具有更高清晰度和更直观立体的影像数据，对病灶和组织进行准确的分割和对齐，以及自动识别和分析医学图像中的病变或异常区域。人工智能在手术规划与导航方面的应用使外科医生可以更准确地规划手术方案，并提供精确的导航引导。通过结合患者的个性化数据和医生丰富的手术经验，人工智能可以帮助医生预测手术风险，并为手术过程中的精确定位和灵巧操作提供实时指导。手术机器人运动控制与决策方面的应用使机器人在手术中能够更有效地执行任务，并做出智能化决策。人工智能算法可以实时分析手术场景的复杂信息，辅助机器人进行精细的运动控制。分析了人工智能在机器人辅助手术的发展机遇和挑战，以对未来人工智能对机器人辅助手术研究的指导和启发。

关键词: 人工智能, 机器人辅助手术, 医学图像, 规划与导航, 控制与决策

Abstract: Robot-assisted surgery aims to assist surgeons in performing surgical procedures through robotic systems, and it has attracted increasing attention in recent years. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has accelerated the progress of robot-assisted surgery towards minimally invasive, intelligent, and autonomous capabilities. This research provides a comprehensive review of the application of AI in robot-assisted surgery, summarizing three main aspects: medical image processing, surgical planning and navigation, and motion control and decision-making. Leveraging AI technology, the application of medical image processing enables physicians to obtain more precise, higher-definition, and visually intuitive imaging data. It allows for accurate segmentation and alignment of lesions and tissues, as well as automated recognition and analysis of pathological or abnormal areas within medical images. The application of AI in surgical planning and navigation allows surgeons to precisely plan surgical procedures and provide accurate navigation guidance. By integrating personalized patient data and the extensive experience of surgeons, AI assists in predicting surgical risks and provides real-time guidance for precise localization and skillful manipulation during the surgery. Moreover, the application of AI in surgical robot motion control and decision-making enables robots to execute tasks more efficiently and make intelligent decisions. AI algorithms can analyze complex information in the surgical environment in real-time, facilitating precise motion control for the robot. Finally, this research also analyzes the development opportunities and challenges of AI in robot-assisted surgery, offering guidance and insights for future research in the field.

Key words: artificial intelligence, robot-assisted surgery, medical image, planning and navigation, control and decision

中图分类号:

TG156

马伟佳, 朱小龙, 刘青瑶, 段星光, 李长胜. 人工智能在机器人辅助手术中的应用[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(17): 22-39.

MA Weijia, ZHU Xiaolong, LIU Qingyao, DUAN Xingguang, LI Changsheng. Artificial Intelligence in Robot-assisted Surgery[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(17): 22-39.

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