具备实时动态稳定性监测特性的高速混合陶瓷摩擦电滚动轴承

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.15.080

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 滚动轴承运行的可靠性和稳定性是制约高速旋转机械性能的关键因素。为实现滚动轴承实时动态行为和稳定性监测，开发了一种高速混合陶瓷摩擦电滚动轴承。采用单侧开口的冠形保持架，将陶瓷滚珠作为介电材料，与设置在轴承端盖上的叉指电极组合，构成浮动滚动-滑动组合自由层式摩擦纳米发电机。在内外滚道牵引力作用下，介电陶瓷滚珠产生自旋和公转运动，进而扫掠电极输出交流电。电信号的频率特征与瞬态周期特征可作为评估轴承打滑与保持架稳定性的指标。本文研究了径向载荷、转速等工况参数以及电极尺寸、滚动体材料等结构参数对摩擦电轴承信号输出的影响。试验结果表明：较低径向载荷下，滚动体绝对打滑速度随转速升高明显升高；提高径向载荷，轴承保持架旋转稳定性降低。所制造的轴承样机实现了16 000 r/min（DN值约0.45×10⁶ r/min·mm）下的稳定输出，并通过了3千万转的耐久性测试。该研究为高速滚动轴承智能化设计提供了技术参考。

关键词: 摩擦电效应, 稳定性, 陶瓷滚动体, 滚动轴承, 打滑

Abstract: The reliability and stability of rolling bearing is the key factor that restricts the performance of high-speed rotating machinery. A high-speed hybrid ceramic triboelectric rolling bearing is developed to provide real-time dynamic behavior and stability monitoring. The crown cage with one side opening is adopted in the bearing. The ceramic balls are used as the dielectric material. A floating roll-slip combined freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator is formed by combining the ceramic balls and the interdigital electrode which set on the bearing end cover. Under the traction of the inner and outer raceways, the dielectric ceramic ball spins and revolves, and then sweeps the electrode to generate alternating current. The frequency characteristics and transient characteristics of electrical signals can be used as indicators to evaluate bearing skidding and cage stability. The effects of working condition such as radial load and rotational speed, and structural parameters such as electrode size and ball material on the output performance of triboelectric bearing are studied. The results show that the absolute skidding speed of ball increases significantly with the increase of rotational speed under light radial load. As the radial load increases, the rotation stability of the cage decreases. The bearing has achieved stable output under DN value of 450 000 r/min·mm. A durability test of 30 million revolutions has been completed. The research provides technical reference for intelligent design of high-speed rolling bearings.

Key words: triboelectric effect, stability, ceramic ball, rolling element bearing, skidding

中图分类号:

TG156

高帅, 韩勤锴, 褚福磊. 具备实时动态稳定性监测特性的高速混合陶瓷摩擦电滚动轴承[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(15): 80-88.

GAO Shuai, HAN Qinkai, CHU Fulei. High-speed Hybrid Ceramic Triboelectric Rolling Bearing with Revolution Stability Monitoring Characteristics[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(15): 80-88.

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