SiCf/SiC复合材料激光烧蚀辅助铣削材料去除机理与加工表面质量评价

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.09.206

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 现代航空部件对材料的耐高温性、高强度和轻量化提出了更高要求。SiC_f/SiC复合材料具有优异的综合性能，但其高脆性和各向异性使其高性能制造面临挑战。通过激光烧蚀预实验，掌握了SiC_f/SiC复合材料激光烧蚀产物的物相组成和烧蚀机理，探究了激光参数对烧蚀性质的影响规律。通过常规铣削和激光烧蚀辅助铣削的对比实验，分析了常规铣削、部分烧蚀-铣削和完全烧蚀-铣削三种不同加工策略的材料去除机理，探究了烧蚀层占比对加工表面质量的影响规律。研究表明：激光烧蚀产物主要由3C-SiC和非晶态SiO₂组成。常规铣削加工中，纤维发生宏观脆性断裂，已加工表面存在多处裂纹、凹坑等加工缺陷。部分烧蚀-铣削中，纤维断裂以微观脆性断裂为主，少部分位置发生了纤维拔出和宏观脆性断裂。完全烧蚀-铣削加工中，纤维发生了微观脆性断裂，基体发生鳞状破碎。激光烧蚀辅助铣削加工质量优于常规铣削，部分烧蚀-铣削和完全烧蚀-铣削的表面粗糙度基本相同。低烧蚀层占比和高烧蚀层占比下进行铣削加工切削力差距较小。低烧蚀层占比的铣削加工中，纤维以微观-宏观脆性断裂为主；高烧蚀层占比的铣削加工中，大部分纤维发生了微观脆性断裂。综上所述，部分烧蚀-铣削和低烧蚀层占比是较优的加工方案。

关键词: SiC_f/SiC复合材料, 激光辅助铣削, 材料去除机理, 加工质量

Abstract: The high temperature resistance, high strength and light weight of SiC_f/SiC composites are required for modern aerospace components, and SiC_f/SiC composites have excellent comprehensive performance, but their high brittleness and anisotropy make it a challenge for high-performance manufacturing. Through the laser ablation pre-test, the physical phase composition and ablation mechanism of laser ablation products of SiCf/SiC composites are grasped, and the influence of laser parameters on the ablation properties is investigated. Through the comparison experiments of conventional milling and laser ablation-assisted milling, the material removal mechanisms of three different processing strategies, namely, conventional milling, partial ablation-milling and complete ablation-milling, are analysed, and the influence of the ablation layer ratio on the processing surface quality is investigated. It is shown that the laser ablation products are mainly composed of 3C-SiC and amorphous SiO₂. In conventional milling, macroscopic brittle fracture of fibres occurred, and machining defects such as multiple cracks and pits existed on the machined surface. In partial ablation-milling, fibre fracture is dominated by microscopic brittle fracture, and fibre pull-out and macroscopic brittle fracture occurred at a few locations. In the full ablation-milling process, microscopic brittle fracture of fibres occurred, and scale fracture of the matrix occurred. The quality of laser ablation-assisted milling machining is superior to conventional milling, and the surface roughness was essentially the same for partial ablation-milling and complete ablation-milling. The difference in cutting force between milling with low and high ablative layer percentage is small. Micro-macro brittle fracture dominated the fibres in the milling process with low ablative layer percentage; micro-brittle fracture occurred in most of the fibres in the milling process with high ablative layer percentage. In summary, partial ablation-milling and low ablative layer ratio are the preferred processing solutions.

Key words: SiC_f/SiC composite, laser-assisted milling, material removal mechanism, machining quality

中图分类号:

TH16

李晗, 章程, 陈杰, 安庆龙, 陈明. SiC_f/SiC复合材料激光烧蚀辅助铣削材料去除机理与加工表面质量评价[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(9): 206-217.

LI Han, ZHANG Cheng, CHEN Jie, AN Qinglong, CHEN Ming. Material Removal Mechanism and Evaluation of Machined Surface Quality of SiCf/SiC Composites by Laser Ablation-assisted Milling[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(9): 206-217.

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SiC_f/SiC复合材料激光烧蚀辅助铣削材料去除机理与加工表面质量评价

Material Removal Mechanism and Evaluation of Machined Surface Quality of SiCf/SiC Composites by Laser Ablation-assisted Milling

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