复杂环境与温度监测下的货车轮瓦温升仿真研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260150

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 车轮和闸瓦的温升是限制货运列车在长大坡道上使用踏面制动的关键因素。发展一种能用于精细化踏面制动策略模拟的数值模型，其中集成三维轮瓦瞬态传热有限元模型、列车电空制动模型、温度监测与制动控制回路，并考虑来自复杂环境和制动系统自身的激扰。通过数值仿真计算，分析我国典型长大坡道上不同条件下的货车轮瓦温升历程、温度分布、温度循环以及其影响因素。研究结果表明：辅以机车电制动的循环变速踏面制动相较于全程匀速踏面制动更有利于降低轮瓦温升，但同时会引起多个温度变化的子循环；踏面制动循环和列车速度变化随激扰系数方差的增大而趋于超前，轮瓦温度尤其是轮轨接触带中心的温度波动幅度增大；温度监测模式下轮瓦表面温度分布特征不变，而不同位置温度降低30.2%到18.3%不等；补偿的电制动切除比例应在不造成再充风时间不足的前提下尽量取大值，以减轻车轮热疲劳损伤。

关键词: 长大坡道, 踏面制动, 轮瓦温升, 有限元法, 激扰, 温度监测

Abstract: Wheel-brake shoe temperature rise is a key factor that restricts the application of tread braking of freight wagons on long and steep slopes. A numerical model is developed to simulate the refined tread braking strategies, which incorporates a three-dimensional transient heat transfer finite element model of wheel-brake shoe, an electro-pneumatic braking model, and a temperature monitoring and braking control loop. The disturbances from complex environments and the braking system are taken into account. Through numerical simulation, the temperature rise history, distribution, cycling of freight wagon wheel and brake shoe on a typical long and steep slope in China, along with the influencing factors are analyzed. The results show that the cyclic tread braking in conjunction with the electrodynamic braking of locomotive is more conducive to reducing the temperature of wheel and brake shoe compared to the constant-speed tread braking throughout the slope, but it also induces extra temperature sub-cycles. The tread braking cycle and the train speed change tend to be advanced with the increase of the disturbance coefficient variance, and the fluctuation amplitude of the wheel-brake shoe temperature, especially at the center of the wheel-rail contact band, increases. Under the temperature monitoring mode, the temperature distribution characteristics on the surface of the wheel-shoe remain unchanged, while the temperature level at different positions decreases by 18.3% to 30.2%. The compensated electrodynamic braking cut-off ratio should be as large as possible without causing insufficient braking cylinder recharging time to reduce thermal fatigue damage.

Key words: long and steep slope, electropneumatic brake, wheel--brake shoe temperature rise, finite element method, disturbance, temperature monitoring

中图分类号:

U211

罗易飞, 张文杰, 陶功权, 温泽峰, 王文健, 梁栋. 复杂环境与温度监测下的货车轮瓦温升仿真研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(16): 467-480.

LUO Yifei, ZHANG Wenjie, TAO Gongquan, WEN Zefeng, WANG Wenjian, LIANG Dong. Simulation Study on Wheel--brake Shoe Temperature Rise of Freight Wagon under Complex Environment and Real-time Temperature Monitoring Mode[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(16): 467-480.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I16/467

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