组合线路条件下重载列车ECP制动过程纵向冲动与轮轨热力耦合行为

doi:10.3901/JME.260708

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 重载列车的轴重与长度持续增加，传统空气制动易诱发较大纵向冲动；同时恶劣线路条件加剧轮轨接触温升，从而劣化轮轨服役环境，双重因素对行车安全构成极大威胁。通过构建考虑轮轨热力耦合效应的长大重载列车-轨道耦合动力学模型，研究2万t列车在新型电控空气制动(Electrically controlled pneumatic brake，ECP Brake)工况下通过不同平纵断面组合线路时的纵向冲动与轮轨摩擦温升。结果表明：制动工况下，线路平纵断面组合对列车纵向冲动影响显著，凹曲线最大压钩力较平直道高41%，凸曲线最大拉钩力较平直道高31%，均集中于列车中后段；紧急制动工况下纵向冲动更强且最大车钩力出现部位分布更为分散；不同线路条件下车体纵向加速度差异明显，凹曲线的纵向加速度高于凸曲线约24%；轮轨温升方面，机车的温升始终高于货车，其中4‰上坡道工况下两者最大温差达120 ℃；同一线路下，常用全制动工况的轨面温升高于紧急制动，且不同位置货车的温升差异显著，其中110位货车温升最大、152位货车温升最小。本研究揭示了重载列车ECP制动过程中纵向动力学响应与轮轨热力行为的耦合规律，为重载列车在组合线路上的制动控制优化、轮轨系统安全运维提供理论支撑。

关键词: 重载列车, 长大坡道, 电控空气制动, 纵向冲动, 热力耦合

Abstract: With the continuous increase in axle load and length of heavy-haul trains, significant longitudinal Impulse is prone to being induced by traditional air braking systems. Meanwhile, the temperature rise at the wheel-rail contact interface is further exacerbated by harsh line conditions, which in turn deteriorates the service environment of the wheel-rail system. When these two factors are combined, a severe threat is posed to operational safety. To study the longitudinal Impulse and wheel-rail frictional temperature rise of 20 000-ton trains under new electronically controlled pneumatic(ECP) braking, a coupled dynamics model of long heavy-haul train and track was established. This model takes into account the wheel-rail thermo-mechanical coupling effect, and the research focuses on trains passing through lines with different horizontal and vertical profile combinations. The results show that：Under braking conditions, the combination of line horizontal and vertical profiles has a significant Impulse on the longitudinal Impulse of the train. The maximum compressive coupler force on concave curves is 41% higher than that on straight line, and the maximum tensile coupler force on convex curves is 31% higher than that on straight line, both concentrated in the middle and rear sections of the train. Under emergency braking conditions, the longitudinal Impulse is stronger and the locations where the maximum coupler forces occur are more scattered. The differences in longitudinal acceleration of the carbody under different line conditions are significant, with the longitudinal acceleration on concave curves being approximately 24% higher than that on convex curves. In terms of wheel-rail temperature rise, the temperature rise of locomotives is consistently higher than that of wagons. Under the 4‰ uphill line condition, the maximum temperature difference between the two reaches 120 ℃. Under the same line condition, the rail surface temperature rise during full-service braking is higher than that during emergency braking. Meanwhile, significant differences exist in the temperature rises of wagons at different positions：the 110th freight car exhibits the highest temperature rise, while the 152nd freight car has the lowest. This study reveals the coupling law between longitudinal dynamic response and wheel-rail thermo-mechanical behavior during the ECP braking process of heavy-haul trains. Theoretical support is provided for the optimization of braking control of heavy-haul trains on combined lines, as well as for the safe operation and maintenance of the wheel-rail system.

Key words: heavy-haul train, long and steep grade, electrically controlled pneumatic brake, longitudinal impulse, thermo-mechanical coupling

中图分类号:

TG156

刘鹏飞, 马兆鑫, 王美琪, 张志超, 吕凯凯, 刘泽潮, 豆硕. 组合线路条件下重载列车ECP制动过程纵向冲动与轮轨热力耦合行为[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(16): 309-321.

LIU Pengfei, MA Zhaoxin, WANG Meiqi, ZHANG Zhichao, LÜ Kaikai, LIU Zechao, DOU Shuo. Longitudinal Impulse and Wheel-rail Thermo-mechanical Coupling Behavior During ECP Braking Process of Heavy-haul Trains in Combined Line Conditions[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(16): 309-321.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I16/309

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