车轮磨耗工况下地铁车辆曲线通过异常振动机理分析

doi:10.3901/JME.260723

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 地铁车辆在曲线线路的长期营运过程中，车轮廓形的不均匀磨损逐渐累加，轮轨接触关系的恶化会对车辆的运行平稳性产生影响，容易诱发车辆的异常振动问题。为了寻找地铁车辆在曲线线路上产生异常振动的原因，建立考虑轨道方向与水平不平顺激励的地铁车辆横向曲线通过模型，在掌握磨耗车轮静态接触行为的基础之上，研究车辆在曲线线路上发生横向异常振动时的车辆振动响应，从轮轨蠕滑角度讨论车辆曲线通过异常振动的形成机理。结果表明：地铁车辆在曲线线路的横向异常振动，是轮轨几何接触、车辆运行速度及车体位置等多因素耦合作用诱发的结果；实测磨损踏面廓形的踏面喉根圆区与钢轨轨肩接触，会产生不稳定的法向力，可能会导致异常振动；车辆通过曲线依靠轮缘导向时，实测磨损车轮的饱和横向蠕滑力不稳定，并且左右车轮同时出现黏滑状态切换，形成不稳定的黏滑运动，引起瞬时蛇行运动剧烈，一旦蛇行运动能量得不到迅速耗散，则可能导致车辆在曲线线路上出现周期性横向异常振动。本研究对地铁车辆曲线通过异常振动形成机理研究方面有良好的参考价值。

关键词: 地铁车辆, 曲线通过, 车轮磨耗, 异常振动, 轮轨蠕滑

Abstract: During the long-term operation of metro vehicles on curved tracks, the uneven wear of wheel profiles gradually accumulates. The deterioration of wheel-rail contact relationships affects the running stability of vehicles and easily induces abnormal vibration issues. To identify the causes of abnormal vibrations in metro vehicles on curved tracks, a lateral curve-passing model of metro vehicles is established, which considers excitations from track alignment irregularities and horizontal irregularities. Based on an understanding the static contact behavior of worn wheels, the vehicle's vibration response during lateral abnormal vibrations on curved tracks is studied, and the formation mechanism of such abnormal vibrations is discussed from the perspective of wheel-rail creep. The results show that the lateral abnormal vibration of vehicles on curved tracks is induced by the coupling effect of multiple factors, including wheel-rail geometric contact, vehicle running speed, and car body position. The contact between the throat root circular area of the measured worn wheel tread profile and the rail shoulder generates unstable normal forces, which may lead to abnormal vibrations. When vehicles pass through curves relying on wheel flange guidance, the saturated lateral creep force of the measured worn wheels is unstable, and both left and right wheels simultaneously switch between stick-slip states, forming unstable stick-slip motion. This causes intense instantaneous hunting motion；if the energy of the hunting motion cannot be dissipated quickly, it may lead to periodic lateral abnormal vibrations of vehicles on curved tracks. This study provides valuable references for the research on the formation mechanism of abnormal vibrations of metro vehicles on curved tracks.

Key words: metro vehicles, curve negotiation, wheel wear, abnormal vibration, wheel-rail creep

中图分类号:

U270
O322

文永蓬, 周慧, 楼博臻, 宗志祥, 杨旭. 车轮磨耗工况下地铁车辆曲线通过异常振动机理分析[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(16): 456-466.

WEN Yongpeng, ZHOU Hui, LOU Bozhen, ZONG Zhixiang, YANG Xu. Analysis of the Abnormal Vibration Mechanism in Subway Vehicles During Curve Passing Under the Working Condition of Wheel Wear[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(16): 456-466.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260723

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I16/456

参考文献

[1] 翟婉明. 车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论的发展与工程实践[J]. 科学通报，2022，67(32)：3794-3807，3793. ZHAI Wanming. The development of vehicle-track coupled dynamics theory and engineering practice[J]. Science Bulletin，2022，67(32)：3794-3807，3793.
[2] 张海，姜琦，肖乾，等. 薄轮缘车轨接触几何特性与动力学稳定性分析[J]. 华东交通大学学报，2021，38(2)：88-93. ZHANG Hai，JIANG Qi，XIAO Qian，et al. Analysis of contact geometric characteristics and dynamic stability of vehicle-rail with thin wheel flange[J]. Journal of East China Jiaotong University，2021，38(2)：88-93.
[3] 赵鑫，温泽峰，王衡禹，等. 中国轨道交通轮轨滚动接触疲劳研究进展[J]. 交通运输工程学报，2021，21(1)：1-35. ZHAO Xin，WEN Zefeng，WANG Hengyu，et al. Research progress on the rolling contact fatigue of wheel and rail in China’s rail transit[J]. Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering，2021，21(1)：1-35.
[4] 高雅，魏子龙，杨飞，等. 既有高速铁路提速条件下低频晃车特征及影响因素研究[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版)，2023，54(5)：2060-2073. GAO Ya，WEI Zilong，YANG Fei，et al. Study on characteristics and influencing factors of low-frequency train shaking under the condition of speed increase of existing high-speed railways[J]. Journal of Central South University (Science and Technology)，2023，54(5)：2060-2073.
[5] 高雅，杨飞，尤明熙，等. 运营期普速铁路曲线区段异常晃车影响因素研究[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报，2024，21(4)：1412-1423. GAO Ya，YANG Fei，YOU Mingxi，et al. Study on influencing factors of abnormal train swaying in the curved sections of normal-speed railways during the operation period[J]. Journal of Railway Science and Engineering，2024，21(4)：1412-1423.
[6] 杨忠良，孙林平，马卫华，等. 纵向冲动对大轴重内燃机车曲线紧急制动安全性影响分析[J]. 铁道学报，2024，46(11)：42-48. YANG Zhongliang，SUN Linping，MA Weihua，et al. Analysis of the influence of longitudinal impulse on the emergency braking safety of diesel locomotives with large axle loads on curves[J]. Journal of the China Railway Society，2024，46(11)：42-48.
[7] 时瑾，徐平，刘星宇. 基于运动病诱发率的400 km/h高速铁路线路参数适应性分析[J]. 高速铁路技术，2021，12(2)：17-22. SHI Jin，XU Ping，LIU Xingyu. Adaptability analysis of line parameters for 400 km/h high-speed railway based on motion sickness induction rate[J]. High Speed Railway Technology，2021，12(2)：17-22.
[8] WU Y，ZENG J，QU S，et al. Low-frequency carbody sway modelling based on low wheel-rail contact conicity analysis[J]. Shock and Vibration，2020，2020：1-17.
[9] CHANG C，DING X，LING L，et al. Mechanism of high-speed train carbody shaking due to degradation of wheel-rail contact geometry[J]. International Journal of Rail Transportation，2023，11(3)：289-316.
[10] 宫岛，刘广宇，周劲松，等. 动车组车体异常振动问题分析及治理研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2021，57(10)：95-105，117. GONG Dao，LIU Guangyu，ZHOU Jinsong，et al. Research on abnormal vibration issue of car bodies of emu trains and its treatment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2021，57(10)：95-105，117.
[11] HASAN N. Lateral stability of a ballasted curved track[J]. Journal of Transportation Engineering，Part A：Systems，2020，146(11)：1-6.
[12] 李国栋，曾京，池茂儒，等. 高速列车轮轨匹配关系改进研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2018，54(4)：93-100. LI Guodong，ZENG Jing，CHI Maoru，et al. Study on the improvement of wheel-rail matching relationship for high speed train[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2018，54(4)：93-100.
[13] 张斌，汪龙洋，杨宗超，等. 小半径曲线段钢轨打磨方案比选及动力特性研究[J]. 振动与冲击，2023，42(24)：169-174，184. ZHANG Bin，WANG Longyang，YANG Zongchao，et al. Comparison and selection of rail grinding schemes and study on dynamic characteristics in small-radius curve sections[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock，2023，42(24)：169-174，184.
[14] 任尊松. 车辆系统动力学[M]. 北京：中国铁道出版社，2019. REN Zunsong. Vehicle system dynamics[M]. Beijing：China Railway Publishing House，2019.
[15] 翟婉明. 车辆-轨道耦合动力学[M]. 北京：科学出版社，2015. ZHAI Wanming. Vehicle-track coupling dynamics[M]. Beijing：Science Press，2015.
[16] 郑静，李娜，张宝安. 基于非赫兹接触理论的轮轨蠕滑力模型对车辆非线性稳定性的影响[J].铁道车辆，2025，63(2)：113-118，160. ZHENG Jing，LI Na，ZHAN Baoan. The influence of wheel-rail creep force model based on non-hertz contact theory on the nonlinear stability of vehicles[J]. Railway Vehicles，2025，63(2)：113-118，160.
[17] 霍子伟，文永蓬，钟硕乔，等. 轴箱内置地铁车辆在小半径曲线上的运行稳定性研究[J]. 振动与冲击，2024，43(18)：121-130. HUO Ziwei，WEN Yongpeng，ZHONG Shuoqiao，et al. Study on the operational stability of axle box-integrated metro vehicles on small radius curves[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock，2024，43(18)：121-130.
[18] 周慧，文永蓬，钟硕乔，等. 提速地铁在车轮磨耗条件下的曲线运行稳定性研究[J]. 振动与冲击，2025，44(17)：262-271. ZHOU Hui，WEN Yongpeng，ZHONG Shuoqiao，et al. Curve running stability of speed-up metro under wheel wear conditions[J]. Journal of Vibration and Shock，2025，44(17)：262-271.
[19] 胡家龙，安博洋，王平. 长大坡道低黏着环境下轮轨动态相互作用研究[J]. 铁道标准设计，2026，70(4)：85-92. HU Jialong，AN Boyang，WANG Ping. Research on the dynamic interaction between wheel and rail in the low-adhesion environment of long and steep ramps[J]. Railway Standard Design，2026，70(4)：85-92.
[20] 陶功权. 和谐型电力机车车轮多边形磨耗形成机理研究[D]. 成都：西南交通大学，2018. TAO Gongquan. Investigation into the formation mechanism of the polygonal wear of hxd electric locomotive wheels[D]. Chengdu：Southwest Jiaotong University，2018.
[21] 陈爽，陈雨，潘自立，等. 基于FASTSIM和TRIAL算法的轮轨切向接触模型研究[J]. 高速铁路技术，2023，14(6)：62-67. CHEN Shuang，CHEN Yu，PAN Zili，et al. Research on the tangential contact model of wheel-rail based on fastsim and trial algorithms[J]. High-Speed Railway Technology，2023，14(6)：62-67.
[22] 杨光，任尊松. 基于弹性模型的高速列车曲线通过时轮轨接触特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报，2018，54(4)：132-141. YANG Guang，REN Zunsong. Research on wheel-rail contact characteristics when high-speed trains pass through curves based on an elastic model[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，2018，54(4)：132-141.
[23] 杨旭，文永蓬，李益民，等. 面向自适应蠕滑特性的改进FASTSIM算法研究[J/OL]. 机械工程学报，1-11[2026-06-08]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2187.TH. 20260604. 1029.008. YANG Xu，WEN Yongpeng，LI Yimin，et al. Research on improved FASTSIM algorithm for adaptive creepage characteristics[J/OL]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering，1-11[2026-06-08]. https://link.cnki.net/urlid/11.2187.TH. 20260604.1029.008.