• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (14): 188-197.doi: 10.3901/JME.260526

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

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同步带状热场辅助抑制高强铝合金焊接热裂纹机理研究

周广涛1,2,3, 钱宸1,2, 苏琳芬1, 郭玉龙2, 丁柏雄1, 苏礼季3   

  1. 1. 华侨大学机电及自动化学院 厦门 361021;
    2. 致微(厦门)仪器有限公司研究生工作站 厦门 361021;
    3. 厦门宏发电力电器有限公司产学中心博士后工作站 厦门 361021
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-09 修回日期:2026-01-15 发布日期:2026-08-29
  • 作者简介:周广涛,男,1971年出生,博士,教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为铝合金焊接热裂纹机理研究及控制调控。E-mail:zhouguangtao@hqu.edu.cn;苏琳芬(通信作者),女,1987年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为难熔金属的激光增材制造机理与工艺。E-mail:linfensu@hqu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    福建省科技计划高校产学合作(2025H6011)和厦门市自然科学基金(3502Z202471032)资助项目。

Study on Welding Hot Cracking Suppression Mechanism of High-strength Aluminum Alloys with Synchronous Banded Thermal Field

ZHOU Guangtao1,2,3, QIAN Chen1,2, SU Linfen1, GUO Yulong2, DING Baixiong1, SU Liji3   

  1. 1. College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021;
    2. Graduate Student Workstation of Zealway (Xiamen) Instrument Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021;
    3. Postdoctoral Workstation of Industry-University Collaboration Center, Xiamen Hongfa Electric Appliance Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021
  • Received:2025-09-09 Revised:2026-01-15 Published:2026-08-29

摘要: 从力学角度及“柔性”控制思想出发,提出了“同步带状热场”抑制高强铝锂合金薄板焊接热裂纹的新方法,在熔池后方施加对称同步带状热场导致母材膨胀,挤压处于脆性温度区间的冷凝状态焊缝金属,产生与焊缝中心方向垂直的瞬态挤压应力,抵消冷却过程中焊缝金属的瞬态拉伸应力,从而抑制焊接热裂纹的产生。选择1.5 mm厚的2050高强铝锂合金梯形薄板,采用激光焊工艺并结合有限元数值模拟方法,探究了同步带状热场间距(4~14 mm)及温度(200~500℃)对焊缝中心的瞬态应力场及应变的抵消效应。数值模拟结果表明,提高同步带状热场温度或减少同步带状热场间距,会增大焊缝中心处的瞬态横向挤压应力,当同步带状热场间距为10 mm且温度约为300℃时,可有效抑制裂纹产生,抑制效果较为显著。焊接试验与模拟结果吻合良好,验证了同步带状热场随焊控制模型的准确性。

关键词: 高强铝合金, 焊接热裂纹, 同步带状热场, 温度场, 焊接横向应力

Abstract: Based on mechanical principles and the flexible control concept, a novel method was proposed to suppress welding hot cracking in thin high-strength Al-Li alloy plates using a synchronous banded thermal field. A symmetric synchronous banded thermal field applied behind the molten pool induced base metal expansion, which extruded the solidifying weld metal in the brittle temperature range, generating transient transverse compressive stress perpendicular to the weld center to offset the tensile stress during cooling. For 1.5 mm-thick trapezoidal 2050 Al-Li alloy plates, laser welding experiments combined with finite element simulations were conducted to explore the offsetting effects of thermal field spacing (4-14 mm) and temperature (200-500 ℃) on the transient stress field and stress at the weld center. Simulation results showed that higher temperature or smaller spacing increased the compressive stress; optimal crack suppression was achieved at 10 mm spacing and approximately 300 °C. Welding tests agreed well with simulations, verifying the accuracy of the in-situ control model.

Key words: high-strength aluminum alloys, welding hot cracking, synchronous banded thermal field, temperature field, welding transverse stress

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