新型Ni-Fe基高温合金焊接热裂纹敏感性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260563

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (12): 231-240.doi: 10.3901/JME.260563

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇

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新型Ni-Fe基高温合金焊接热裂纹敏感性研究

白嘉瑜^1,2, 王志英², 朱波², 于在松³, 张敏¹, 张建勋²

1. 西安理工大学材料科学与工程学院西安 710048;
2. 西安交通大学金属材料强度国家重点实验室西安 710049;
3. 西安热工研究院有限公司西安 710048

收稿日期:2025-09-11 修回日期:2026-02-11 发布日期:2026-08-03
作者简介:白嘉瑜，女，1992年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为高熵合金激光熔敷工艺与性能表征。E-mail:jybai2017@163.com
张敏，男，1967年出生，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为焊接凝固过程的组织演变与结构控制。E-mail:zhmmn@xaut.edu.cn
张建勋(通信作者)，男，1958年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为智能焊接与增材制造。E-mail: jxzhang@mail.xjtu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51875442)。

Experimental Study on Hot Crack in Fishbone Welding of a New Type Ni-Fe Based Superalloy

BAI Jiayu^1,2, WANG Zhiying², ZHU Bo², YU Zaisong³, ZHANG Min¹, ZHANG Jianxun²

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048;
2. State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Material, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049;
3. Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710048

Received:2025-09-11 Revised:2026-02-11 Published:2026-08-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对一种新型Ni-Fe基高温合金采用鱼骨状焊接热裂纹试验方法，测试了在不填丝和填丝焊接情况下的热裂纹敏感性，并对热裂纹尖端的微观组织和元素成分分析，以及热裂纹的扩展形态和断口形貌的表征。研究表明，新型Ni-Fe合金的热裂纹属于结晶型热裂纹，热裂纹倾向对焊接热输入较为敏感，在保证焊接接头成形质量的情况下，选用较小的焊接热输入可有效抑制热裂纹；对于不填丝焊，当焊接线能量较大时，热裂纹沿着两侧柱状树枝晶交汇边界进行扩展，而随着线能量的减小，焊缝中心组织由柱状树枝晶转变为等轴树枝晶，结晶裂纹沿着等轴树枝晶曲折的晶界进行扩展；由于焊缝组织存在明显的枝晶偏析现象，结晶末期晶界附近形成富含P、Si、B和Ti元素的低熔点残留液态薄膜，并在焊接拉应力作用下，液态薄膜撕裂而产生结晶裂纹；填丝焊接时，焊缝枝晶偏析现象较为严重，在焊接线能量较大时，由于焊缝中心柱状树枝晶较为发达，结晶裂纹主要沿焊缝两侧枝晶交汇边界扩展，而随着线能量的减小，焊缝中心组织主要为等轴树枝晶，结晶裂纹从沿晶扩展转变为沿晶内枝晶臂间扩展，在焊缝熔池凝固末期，枝晶臂间将形成低熔点的共晶液态薄膜，在焊接拉应力作用下，液膜撕裂而形成结晶裂纹。

关键词: 焊接热裂纹, 焊接线能量, 热裂纹敏感性, Ni-Fe基高温合金

Abstract: The hot crack sensitivity of a new type of the Ni-Fe based super alloy was tested by using a fishbone welding hot crack test method, and the microstructure and elemental composition of the hot crack tip were analysed, as well as the morphology and fracture morphology of the hot crack were characterized. The results show that the hot crack of the new Ni-Fe based super alloy belongs to the crystalline type hot crack, and the hot crack tendency is more sensitive to the welding heat input. In the case of ensuring the forming quality of the welding joint, the small welding heat input can effectively restrain the hot crack. For unfilled wire welding, when the energy of the welding line is large, the hot crack expands along the boundary of the intersection of the columnar dendrites on both sides, but with the decrease of the energy of the welding line, the central structure of the weld changes from columnar dendrites to equiaxial dendrites, and the crystal crack expands along the zigzag grain boundary of the equiaxial dendrites. Due to the obvious dendrite segregation in the weld structure, a residual liquid film with low melting point rich in P, Si, B and Ti elements is formed near the grain boundary at the end of crystallization, and under the action of welding tensile stress, the liquid film tears and cracks occur. In the process of wire filling welding, the dendrite segregation phenomenon of weld seam is more serious. When the welding line energy is large, the cylindrical dendrite in the center of weld is relatively developed, and the crystal crack mainly expands along the dendrite intersection boundary on both sides of the weld. With the decrease of the line energy, the weld center is mainly equiaxed dendrite, and the crystal crack changes from spreading along the grain to spreading along the interarm dendrite. At the end of solidification of weld pool, eutectic liquid film with low melting point will be formed between dendrite arms. Under the action of welding tensile stress, the liquid film will tear and form crystal crack.

Key words: welding hot crack, welding wire energy, thermal crack sensitivity, Ni-Fe based super alloy

中图分类号:

TG156

白嘉瑜, 王志英, 朱波, 于在松, 张敏, 张建勋. 新型Ni-Fe基高温合金焊接热裂纹敏感性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(12): 231-240.

BAI Jiayu, WANG Zhiying, ZHU Bo, YU Zaisong, ZHANG Min, ZHANG Jianxun. Experimental Study on Hot Crack in Fishbone Welding of a New Type Ni-Fe Based Superalloy[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(12): 231-240.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I12/231

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新型Ni-Fe基高温合金焊接热裂纹敏感性研究

Experimental Study on Hot Crack in Fishbone Welding of a New Type Ni-Fe Based Superalloy

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