单向CFRP复合材料高速直角切削实验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.07.109

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 直角切削试验是理解材料去除机理、验证理论模型的重要手段。然而，关于单向碳纤维增强复合材料(UD-CFRPs)的直角切削试验主要集中在低速和低中速，而现有的直线加速平台试验成本高昂，难以开展全因素分析试验。因此，本研究在经典车床上搭建了可实现最高31.40 m/s的高速直角切削试验平台，并开展了不同钝圆半径、前后角以及切削速度的直角切削试验，重点分析了切削力、已加工表面和亚表面损伤行为在不同速度、每齿进给下的区别。结果表明：“速度效应”主要体现在切削力数值大小，对于不同前、后角以及钝圆半径的切削力、已加工表面趋势与现有结论趋势一致。另一方面，切削速度对亚表面损伤行为影响较为显著，纤维最大变形角度从8.2°逐渐减少到1.6°。本研究为高速直角切削机理研究、理论模型验证以及UD-CFRPs刀具结构优化提供了简易可靠的实验方法。

关键词: 高速直角切削, 碳纤维增强复合材料, 切削力, 亚表面损伤, 已加工表面

Abstract: The orthogonal cutting experiment is a crucial method for understanding material removal mechanisms and validating theoretical models. However, efforts on the orthogonal cutting of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced composites (UD-CFRPs) has primarily focused on low and medium-low speeds, with existing high-speed experiment platforms being costly and difficult to conduct comprehensive factor analysis experiments. Therefore, a high-speed orthogonal cutting experiment platform capable of reaching speeds up to 31.40 m/s on a classic lathe is established in this study. Various orthogonal cutting experiment are conducted with different blunt radius, rake and relief angles, and cutting speeds, focusing on analyzing the differences in cutting force, machined surface, and subsurface behavior at different speeds and feed. The results indicate that the trends in cutting force and machined surface for different rake, relief angles, and blunt radius are consistent with existing conclusions, with the "speed effect" mainly reflected in the magnitude. However, cutting speed significantly affects subsurface damage behavior, with the maximum fiber deformation angle decreasing from 8.2° to 1.6°. This study provides a simple and reliable experimental method for researching high-speed orthogonal cutting mechanisms, validating theoretical models, and optimizing tool structures for UD-CFRPs.

Key words: high speed orthogonal cutting, UD-CFRPs, cutting force, subsurface damage, machined surface

中图分类号:

TG156

徐捷, 冯平法, 乐祺中, 尚凯锋, 王昱天, 冯峰. 单向CFRP复合材料高速直角切削实验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(7): 109-119.

XU Jie, FENG Pingfa, YUE Qizhong, SHANG Kaifeng, WANG Yutian, FENG Feng. Experimental Study on High-speed Orthogonal Cutting of Unidirectional CFRP Composites[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(7): 109-119.

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