超声冲击辅助电弧增材制造18Ni-350马氏体时效钢组织性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.02.162

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对电弧增材制造马氏体时效钢存在粗大树枝晶微观特征导致较差力学性能的现象，采用超声冲击辅助电弧增材制造18Ni-350马氏体钢直壁体，研究超声冲击对微观组织、力学性能的影响。结果表明，超声冲击可以抑制粗大树枝晶形成，改变晶粒生长形态，细化晶粒。相比于直接沉积试样，超声冲击辅助试样中奥氏体的含量几乎不变，但其尺寸明显减小并更均匀。除此之外，直接沉积试样观察到Ni₃Ti的析出相，而超声冲击试样中未观察到析出相。经过固溶时效热处理后，超声冲击件的微观组织产生再结晶现象，其横向、纵向抗拉强度分别达到2 079.5 MPa和2 109.5 MPa，极限伸长率达到6.95%。超声冲击试样的力学性能要优于直接沉积件，超声冲击对时效硬化响应效果更为显著。

关键词: 马氏体时效钢, 超声冲击, 电弧增材制造, 微观组织, 力学性能

Abstract: Wire and arc additive manufacturing of maraging steels with coarse dendritic crystals resulted in worse mechanical properties. In response to this phenomenon, the straight wall of 18Ni-350 maraging steel is fabricated by wire and arc additive manufacturing with ultrasonic impact treatment(UIT). The mechanical properties and microstructure of 18Ni-350 maraging steel with UIT are investigated. The results showed the UIT suppressed the formation of coarse dendritic crystals, changed the morphology of grain growth and refined the grain. Compared with directly deposited samples, the austenite content of UIT samples remained unchanged, while size is decreased and more homogeneously distributed. In addition, precipitated phases of Ni3Ti are observed in the directly deposited samples, while no precipitated phases are observed in the UIT samples. After solution+aging treatment, the UIT samples produced recrystallization phenomenon. Meanwhile, the transverse and longitudinal tensile strength reached 2079.5 MPa and 2109.5 MPa respectively, with the ultimate elongation reaching 6.95%. The mechanical properties of the UIT samples are satisfied than the directly deposited samples. The response effect of ultrasonic impact on age hardening is more significant.

Key words: maraging steel, ultrasonic impact treatment, wire and arc additive manufacturing, microstructure, mechanical property

中图分类号:

TG156

杨纯攀, 王小伟, 李雪松, 杨东青, 黄勇, 彭勇, 王克鸿. 超声冲击辅助电弧增材制造18Ni-350马氏体时效钢组织性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(2): 162-171.

YANG Chunpan, WANG Xiaowei, LI Xuesong, YANG Dongqing, HUANG Yong, PENG Yong, WANG Kehong. Study on Microstructure and Properties of 18Ni-350 Maraging Steel by Wire and Arc Addictive Manufacturing with Ultrasonic Impact Treatment[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(2): 162-171.

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