高速减速器传动效率计算模型与试验

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.19.054

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (19): 54-62.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.19.054

• 机器人及机构学 • 上一篇

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高速减速器传动效率计算模型与试验

侯圣文^1,2, 周长江¹, 夏宁伟¹, 董凡²

1. 湖南大学整车先进设计制造技术全国重点实验室长沙 410082;
2. 陕西法士特齿轮有限责任公司陕西省齿轮传动重点实验室西安 710119

收稿日期:2025-02-17 修回日期:2025-07-17 发布日期:2025-11-24
作者简介:侯圣文，男，1987年出生，正高级工程师。主要研究方向为高速重载齿轮高性能设计制造关键技术。E-mail：houshengwenwen@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFB3406500)、国家自然科学基金(52475054)和陕西省齿轮传动重点实验室开放课题(SKLGT-2022-004)资助项目。

Transmission Efficiency Model and Experiment of High-speed Reducer

HOU Shengwen^1,2, ZHOU Changjiang¹, XIA Ningwei¹, DONG Fan²

1. State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing Technology for Vehicle, Hunan University, Changsha 410082;
2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Gear Transmission, Shaanxi Fast Auto Drive Co., Ltd, Xi'an 710119

Received:2025-02-17 Revised:2025-07-17 Published:2025-11-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高速减速器是新能源车辆的核心传动部件，其功率损失及传动效率直接影响整车动力性和可靠性。考虑齿轮啮合、搅油风阻和轴承功耗等因素对系统传动效率的影响，提出一种飞溅润滑高速减速器的传动效率计算模型。基于齿轮动力学与弹流动压润滑状态下摩擦系数模型，计算齿轮啮合功率损失；基于气-液两相流模型计算搅油风阻功率损失，设计并开展输入转速达16 000 r/min的减速器传动效率试验，验证模型的正确性。在此基础上，研究主要工况参数、齿形参数和润滑参数对减速器传动效率的影响规律。结果表明，高速工况下减速器搅油风阻显著，且出现润滑劣化，导致传动效率下降，效率极值点对应的转速随转矩增大而升高。此外，齿形参数和润滑条件对传动效率影响显著，优化压力角和齿顶高系数、设计合适的浸油深度和热平衡温度，有助于降低系统功耗及提高传动效率。

关键词: 高速减速器, 传动效率, 啮合功率损失, 搅油风阻功率损失

Abstract: High-speed reducers are essential components in new energy vehicles, with their power loss and transmission efficiency directly impacting vehicle performance and reliability. A transmission efficiency model for the splash-lubricated high-speed reducer is proposed, considering gear meshing, oil splashing drag, and bearing power consumption. Gear meshing power losses are calculated using dynamics theory with friction models under elastohydrodynamic lubrication. Churning power losses are evaluated via a gas-liquid two-phase flow model. An experimental setup is designed and conducted for efficiency testing of reducers with input speeds up to 16 000 r/min, thereby validating the proposed model. Results indicate that oil splashing drag and lubrication deterioration significantly reduce efficiency at high speeds, with optimal efficiency shifting to higher speeds as torque increases. Additionally, tooth profile and lubrication conditions have substantial effects on transmission efficiency. Optimizing pressure angles and tooth height coefficients, along with designing appropriate oil immersion depths and thermal equilibrium temperatures, can effectively reduce system power loss and enhance transmission efficiency.

Key words: high-speed reducer, transmission efficiency, meshing power loss, churning power loss

中图分类号:

TH13

侯圣文, 周长江, 夏宁伟, 董凡. 高速减速器传动效率计算模型与试验[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(19): 54-62.

HOU Shengwen, ZHOU Changjiang, XIA Ningwei, DONG Fan. Transmission Efficiency Model and Experiment of High-speed Reducer[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(19): 54-62.

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高速减速器传动效率计算模型与试验

Transmission Efficiency Model and Experiment of High-speed Reducer

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