分段跳焊对发动机支架变形和残余应力的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.18.138

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 发动机支架是用于承受发动机大量静载和动载直升机重要部件，由轨迹焊替代原有的人工氩弧焊可以提高焊接效率和质量。采用有限元法对发动机支架轨迹焊三种单道连续焊方案进行有限元模拟，对焊后残余应力及应变进行比较，找到了最佳的焊接参数方案。并选择单道连续焊最优参数做分段跳焊仿真试验，比较了不同焊接顺序对发动机支架焊接变形影响。结果表明，分段跳焊热输入分布更优，焊接残余应力和变形更小。相比于单道连续焊，多段焊会出现高应力区，但在第一道焊缝的平均残余应力更低，分布在管材和接头上的峰值轴向残余应力最大可减小40%和33%。三段式的分段跳焊比单道连续焊在第一道焊缝中心的轴向应变减小了45%。产生x方向的焊接变形最大可减小63%。三段式的顺序更适合发动机支架的焊接。并找到了三段式焊接最适合发动机支架的焊接顺序。分段焊降低了发动机支架的残余应力和变形，结合有限元法降低了试验成本，缩短了试验周期。

关键词: 数值模拟, 焊接顺序, 环焊缝焊接

Abstract: Engine bracket is an important part of helicopter used to bear a large number of static and dynamic loads of engine. Trajectory welding instead of manual argon arc welding can improve welding efficiency and quality. The finite element method is used to simulate three single-pass continuous welding schemes of engine bracket trajectory welding, and the residual stress and strain after welding are compared, and the best welding parameter scheme is found. The optimal parameters of single-pass continuous welding are selected to do segmented jump welding simulation test, and the effects of different welding sequences on welding deformation of engine support are compared. The results show that the heat input distribution of step jump welding is better, and the welding residual stress and deformation are smaller. Compared with single-pass continuous welding, multi-section welding will have high stress area, but the average residual stress in the first weld is lower, and the peak axial residual stress distributed on pipes and joints can be reduced by 40% and 33% at most. The axial strain at the center of the first weld is reduced by 45% compared with that of single-pass continuous welding. The welding deformation in x direction can be reduced by 63% at most. The three-stage sequence is more suitable for the welding of engine support. And found the most suitable welding sequence of three-stage welding for engine support. Segmented welding reduces the residual stress and deformation of the engine support, and combined with finite element method, it reduces the test cost and shortens the test period.

Key words: numerical simulation, welding sequence, circumferential weld welding

中图分类号:

TG404

唐磊, 曾一达, 郭正华, 李智勇, 汪广平, 王燕. 分段跳焊对发动机支架变形和残余应力的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(18): 138-150.

TANG Lei, ZENG Yida, GUO Zhenghua, LI Zhiyong, WANG Guangping, WANG Yan. Effect of Segmented Skip Welding on Deformation and Residual Stress of Engine Support[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(18): 138-150.

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