2219铝合金搅拌摩擦拼焊板超低温变形与组织性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.14.091

机械工程学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (14): 91-98.doi: 10.3901/JME.2025.14.091

• 特邀专栏：铝合金薄壁构件超低温成形制造新原理 • 上一篇

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2219铝合金搅拌摩擦拼焊板超低温变形与组织性能研究

郝永刚^1,2, 金晓月³, 刘伟¹, 王睿乾¹

1. 哈尔滨工业大学流体高压成形技术研究所哈尔滨 150001;
2. 西安稀有金属材料研究院有限公司西安 710016;
3. 上海飞机制造有限公司上海 201324

收稿日期:2025-01-19 修回日期:2025-04-03 发布日期:2025-08-25
作者简介:郝永刚，男，1992年出生，博士，中级工程师。主要研究方向为稀有金属制备与先进塑性成形技术。E-mail:haoyongganga@126.com;刘伟(通信作者)，男，1977年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为板材流体压力成形。E-mail:liuw@hit.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2019YFA0708801)和国家自然科学基金青年(52405422)资助项目。

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2219 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welded Blank after Cryogenic Deformation

HAO Yonggang^1,2, JIN Xiaoyue³, LIU Wei¹, WANG Ruiqian¹

1. Institute of Fluid Pressure Forming Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001;
2. Xi'an Rare Metal Materials Research Institute Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710016;
3. Shanghai Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201324

Received:2025-01-19 Revised:2025-04-03 Published:2025-08-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用铝合金搅拌摩擦焊板是制造3 m级以上大型运载火箭燃料贮箱箱底等薄壁构件的新途径，但面临变形和热处理后焊缝晶粒异常长大以及力学性能下降等瓶颈难题。开展了2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊板超低温变形-固溶处理-时效处理后焊缝组织与力学性能变化规律研究，分别通过单向拉伸测试和半球曲面件拉深工艺试验，对比了室温和低温变形及热处理后的焊缝平均晶粒尺寸以及接头力学性能。结果表明：相同变形量下，超低温变形的试件焊缝处晶粒被显著细化；焊缝平均晶粒尺寸由191 μm减小至51.5 μm；超低温拉深半球件双拉区焊缝晶粒尺寸减小61.9%，且横向接头试样抗拉强度为母材的94.1%。超低温变形能够起到稳定晶界的作用，抑制焊缝区晶粒的异常长大，提高接头力学性能。

关键词: 搅拌摩擦焊板, 超低温变形, 晶粒异常长大, 半球件拉深, 力学性能

Abstract: Aluminum alloy friction stir welded blank is a new way to manufacture thin-walled components such as the bottom of the fuel tank of the launch vehicle over 3 meters in diameter, but it faces bottleneck problems such as deformation and abnormal growth of weld grain after heat treatment and degradation of mechanical properties. The microstructure and mechanical properties of 2219 aluminum alloy friction stir welded blank after ultra-low temperature deformation, solution treatment and aging treatment were studied. The average grain size of the weld and the mechanical properties of the joint after deformation and heat treatment at room temperature and cryogenic temperature were compared through uniaxial tensile test and deep drawing process, respectively. The results show that under the same deformation amount, the grain at the weld of the cryogenic deformed specimen is significantly refined. The average grain size of the weld decreased from 191 μm to 51.5 μm. The grain size of the weld in the biaxial tensile zone of the cryogenic deep drawing hemisphere was reduced by 61.9%, and the tensile strength of the transverse joint sample is 94.1% of the base metal. The cryogenic deformation can stabilize the grain boundaries, inhibit the abnormal growth of the grain in the weld zone, and improve the mechanical properties of the joints.

Key words: friction stir welded blanks, cryogenic deformation, abnormal grain growth, hemispherical deep drawing, mechanical property

中图分类号:

TG146

郝永刚, 金晓月, 刘伟, 王睿乾. 2219铝合金搅拌摩擦拼焊板超低温变形与组织性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(14): 91-98.

HAO Yonggang, JIN Xiaoyue, LIU Wei, WANG Ruiqian. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2219 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welded Blank after Cryogenic Deformation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(14): 91-98.

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2219铝合金搅拌摩擦拼焊板超低温变形与组织性能研究

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2219 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welded Blank after Cryogenic Deformation

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