超声辅助激光熔覆Ni-WC梯度复合涂层组织及性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.10.164

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着工业机械装备在极端环境中对关键部件表面性能要求的提高，Ni-WC功能梯度材料(Functionally graded material，FGM)在提升关键部件表面性能方面展现出更加广泛的应用潜力。本研究采用超声辅助激光熔覆技术(Ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding，UALC)在H13钢基板上制备Ni-WC梯度复合涂层，通过控制WC颗粒与Ni60粉末的混合比例，成功构建三种不同WC含量的涂层(WC15、WC25、WC35)。超声振动的引入显著优化了涂层的微观结构，减少了内部缺陷(如：裂纹和气孔)，提升了涂层的致密性和均匀性。结果表明：梯度设计和超声辅助能有效减少涂层内部裂纹和气孔，提高涂层成形质量；超声辅助促进层间物质交换，减少应力集中和性能差异；超声辅助的梯度涂层在硬度、耐磨性和抗冲击性能方面均有提升，硬度相较于传统多层单一WC25涂层提高了约10%、磨损率降低了55.56%、冲击吸收功提升了18.7%；超声梯度涂层展现出最佳的冲击韧性，断口分析显示其具有更多的韧窝。研究结果证实了UALC技术在提升梯度涂层性能方面的有效性，为机械关键部件的表面强化提供了一种新的技术途径。

关键词: 激光熔覆, Ni-WC梯度涂层, 超声辅助, 耐磨性, 抗冲击性

Abstract: With the improvement of the surface performance requirements of key components in industrial machinery and equipment in extreme environments, Ni-WC functionally graded material(FGM) shows more extensive application potential in improving the surface performance of key components. In this study, Ni-WC gradient composite coatings are prepared on H13 steel substrate by Ultrasonic-assisted laser cladding(UALC). By controlling the mixing ratio of WC particles and Ni60 powder, three coatings with different WC contents (WC15, WC25, WC35) are successfully constructed. The introduction of ultrasonic vibration significantly optimizes the microstructure of the coating, reduces internal defects such as cracks and pores, and improves the compactness and uniformity of the coating. The results show that gradient design and ultrasonic assistance can effectively reduce the internal cracks and pores of the coating and improve the forming quality of the coating. Ultrasonic assisted promotes material exchange between layers, reduces stress concentration and performance differences; the hardness, wear resistance and impact resistance of the gradient coating assisted by ultrasonic are improved. Compared with the traditional multi-layer single WC25 coating, the hardness is increased by about 10%, the wear rate is reduced by 55.56%, and the impact absorption work is increased by 18.7%. The ultrasonic gradient coating exhibits the best impact toughness, and the fracture analysis shows that it has more dimples. The research results confirm the effectiveness of UALC technology in improving the performance of gradient coatings, and provide a new technical approach for surface strengthening of key mechanical components.

Key words: laser cladding, Ni-WC gradient coating, ultrasound assistance, wear resistance, impact resistance

中图分类号:

TN249

郝敬宾, 杜沁, 牛庆伟, 付天池, 刘昊, 杨海峰, 刘新华. 超声辅助激光熔覆Ni-WC梯度复合涂层组织及性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(10): 164-177.

HAO Jingbin, DU Qin, NIU Qingwei, FU Tianchi, LIU Hao, YANG Haifeng, LIU Xinhua. Study on Microstructure and Properties of Ni-WC Gradient Composite Coating by Ultrasonic Assisted Laser Cladding[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(10): 164-177.

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