钎料成分及钎焊温度对Ti2AlNb与GH4169合金钎焊接头组织性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.2024.22.116

摘要/Abstract

摘要： Ti₂AlNb与GH4169合金的可靠连接对降低飞行器重量、提高飞行效率，并拓展Ti₂AlNb合金的应用范围有重要意义。针对钛铝系合金与镍基高温合金焊后接头易产生较大残余应力和多种TiNi脆性金属间化合物的问题，本研究基于界面相容性原则设计了类Ti元素与类Ni元素接近1∶1的(TiZrHf)₅₀(NiCu)₄₅Al₅高熵非晶钎料，研究不同钎料成分和钎焊温度对Ti₂AlNb与GH4169合金钎焊接头界面组织及性能的影响规律。结果表明：(TiZrHf)₅₀(NiCu)₄₅Al₅钎料钎焊接头典型界面组织为Ti₂AlNb合金/B2+固溶了Ni和Cu元素的Ti₂AlNb相(I区)/(Ti, Zr, Hf)(Ni, Cu, Al)₂+(Ti, Zr, Hf)(Ni, Cu)₂(II区)/(Ni, Cr, Fe, Ti)_ss+(Ni, Cr, Fe)_ss(III区)/GH4169合金。钎料成分和钎焊温度分别对钎缝II区反应物相形成与反应物相组织演变有较大影响。采用(TiZrHf)₃₀(NiCu)₆₅Al₅钎料钎缝II区主要由(Ti, Zr)(Ni, Cu, Al)₂相、Al(Ni, Cu)₂Ti相和Ti(Ni, Cu)₂相组成，采用(TiZrHf)₄₀(NiCu)₅₅Al₅钎料钎缝II区主要为(Ti, Zr, Hf)(Ni, Cu)相。随钎焊温度升高，钎缝II区厚度呈现先减小后增加的趋势。采用(TiZrHf)₅₀(NiCu)₄₅Al₅钎料钎焊接头在1 035 ℃/15 min时剪切强度达到最大为305 MPa。断裂主要发生在母材与钎料的界面处，随钎焊温度升高，接头断裂位置逐渐转移至钎缝II区，断口形貌为典型的解理断裂特征。钎焊接头界面组织的形成机理可划分为原子的固态扩散、液相生成与冶金反应、等温扩散凝固和反应物相生长与演变四个阶段。

关键词: 异种材料连接, 钎料设计, 钎焊, 界面组织, 力学性

Abstract: Sound joining of Ti₂AlNb alloy to GH4169 alloy is crucial for reducing the weight of aircraft, enhancing flight efficiency, and expanding the application range of Ti₂AlNb alloy. Addressing the issue of significant residual stresses and the formation of various brittle TiNi intermetallic compounds in joints between titanium-aluminum alloys and nickel-based superalloys after welding, this study designed a high-entropy amorphous brazing filler with an approximate 1∶1 ratio of Ti-group elements to Ni-group elements, specifically (TiZrHf)₅₀(NiCu)₄₅Al₅, based on the principle of interfacial compatibility. The research focused on the effects of different brazing filler compositions and brazing temperatures on the interfacial microstructure and properties of brazed joints between Ti₂AlNb and GH4169 alloys. The results indicated that the typical interfacial structure of brazed joints using (TiZrHf)₅₀(NiCu)₄₅Al₅ consisted of Ti₂AlNb alloy/B2 phase dissolved with Ni and Cu (Zone I)/(Ti, Zr, Hf)(Ni, Cu, Al)₂ + (Ti, Zr, Hf)(Ni, Cu)₂ (Zone II)/(Ni, Cr, Fe, Ti)_ss + (Ni, Cr, Fe)_ss (Zone III)/GH4169 alloy. The composition of the brazing filler and the brazing temperature significantly influenced the formation and evolution of reactive phases in Zone II of the brazed seam. Using (TiZrHf)₃₀(NiCu)₆₅Al₅, Zone II primarily consisted of (Ti, Zr)(Ni, Cu, Al)₂, Al(Ni, Cu)₂Ti, and Ti(Ni, Cu)₂ phases, while using (TiZrHf)₄₀(NiCu)₅₅Al₅, Zone II predominantly featured (Ti, Zr, Hf)(Ni, Cu) phases. As the brazing temperature increased, the thickness of Zone II first decreased and then increased. Brazed joints using (TiZrHf)₅₀(NiCu)₄₅Al₅ reached a maximum shear strength of 305 MPa at 1 035 ℃ for 15 min. Fracture primarily occurred at the interface between the base material and the brazing filler, and with increasing brazing temperature, the fracture location gradually shifted to Zone II, displaying typical cleavage fracture characteristics. The formation mechanism of the joint interface structure could be categorized into four stages: solid-state diffusion of atoms, formation of liquid phase and metallurgical reactions, isothermal diffusion solidification, and growth and evolution of reactive phases.

Key words: dissimilar material joining, design of filler metal, brazing, interface microstructure, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TG454

张振阳, 王景宽, 李鹏, 王银晨, 李超, 张亮亮, 董红刚. 钎料成分及钎焊温度对Ti₂AlNb与GH4169合金钎焊接头组织性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2024, 60(22): 116-129.

ZHANG Zhenyang, WANG Jingkuan, LI Peng, WANG Yinchen, LI Chao, ZHANG Liangliang, DONG Honggang. Effects of Brazing Filler Composition and Brazing Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti₂AlNb and GH4169 Alloy Brazed Joints[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 60(22): 116-129.

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钎料成分及钎焊温度对Ti₂AlNb与GH4169合金钎焊接头组织性能的影响

Effects of Brazing Filler Composition and Brazing Temperature on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti₂AlNb and GH4169 Alloy Brazed Joints

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