• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (19): 88-100.doi: 10.3901/JME.2024.19.088

• 机器人及机构学 • 上一篇    下一篇

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基于模型预测控制的机器人姿态控制策略研究

姚建均, 张宜坤, 柯运, 钱琛, 王超   

  1. 哈尔滨工程大学机电工程学院 哈尔滨 150000
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-26 修回日期:2024-05-10 出版日期:2024-10-05 发布日期:2024-11-27
  • 作者简介:姚建均(通信作者),男,1980年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为流体传动与控制、伺服机构、机器人技术和智能制造装备。E-mail:travisyao@126.com;张宜坤,男,1997年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为预测控制、机器人控制与视觉伺服控制。E-mail:Zhangyikun@hrbeu.edu.cn;柯运,男,1998年出生,硕士研究生。主要研究方向为机器人运动学、运动规划和智能控制。E-mail:ky0515@hrbeu.edu.cn;钱琛,男,1996年出生,博士研究生。主要研究方向为机械臂轨迹规划,工业机器人加工装备,机器人机械加工技术。E-mail:18845641370@163.com;王超,男,1996年出生,硕士。主要研究方向为压电驱动器设计。E-mail:2221914621@qq.com

Research on Robot Attitude Control Strategy Based on Model Predictive Control

YAO Jianjun, ZHANG Yikun, KE Yun, QIAN Chen, WANG Chao   

  1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150000
  • Received:2023-10-26 Revised:2024-05-10 Online:2024-10-05 Published:2024-11-27

摘要: 针对机器人复杂灵活的任务,需要机器人具有运动平滑、大范围定位与高精度跟踪的能力。为了解决离线规划导致的低系统实时性,与低精度运动学数值逆解导致机器人抖动的问题,提出一种基于模型预测控制的机器人姿态控制策略。首先,建立机器人正运动学模型,将其表达为状态空间模型;其次,考虑机器人极限关节位置与运动平滑性两种约束条件,构造其为紧、凸集合;然后,将机器人求解运动学逆解的问题转换为求解带约束最优控制问题,并得出最优控制量;最后,理论证明了控制器的稳定性;仿真表明,相对于经典控制策略,提出的控制策略具有更好的大范围定位能力;设计基于六自由度机器人的大范围定位实验与复杂轨迹跟踪实验,证实了提出的控制策略具有良好的跟踪与定位能力。

关键词: 机器人姿态控制, 模型预测控制, 约束系统, 轨迹跟踪

Abstract: For the complex and flexible tasks of robots, robots are required to have the ability of smooth motion, large range positioning and high precision tracking.In order to solve the problem that low real-time performance of offline trajectory planning and low precision numerical solution of inverse kinematics lead to robot jitter, a robot attitude control strategy based on model predictive control is proposed.Firstly, the forward kinematics model of the robot is established and expressed as a state space model.Secondly, considering the two constraints of the ultimate joint position and motion smoothness of the robot, and it is constructed as a compact and convex set.Then, the inverse kinematics of the robot is transformed into the constrained optimal control problem, and the optimal control action is obtained.Finally, the stability of the controller is proved theoretically.Simulation results show that compared with the classical control strategy, the proposed control strategy has better positioning ability in a large range.Apart from this, large range positioning experiments and complex trajectory tracking experiments based on six degree of freedom robot are designed, which confirm the good tracking and positioning ability of the proposed control strategy.

Key words: robot attitude control, model predictive control, system limitations, trajectory tracking

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