• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (15): 194-204.doi: 10.3901/JME.2024.15.194

• 摩擦学 • 上一篇    下一篇

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大压差下热塑性迷宫密封泄漏特性研究

刘跃1, 黄民1, 李永健2, 安琪2, 蒋杰3   

  1. 1. 北京信息科技大学机电工程学院 北京 100192;
    2. 清华大学机械工程系 北京 100084;
    3. 成都市排水有限责任公司物资设备中心 成都 610039
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-15 修回日期:2023-12-10 出版日期:2024-08-05 发布日期:2024-09-24
  • 作者简介:刘跃,男,1986年出生,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为机械动力学、流体动力学。E-mail:yliu@bistu.edu.cn
    李永健(通信作者),男,1980年出生,博士,副教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为密封与润滑理论及技术。E-mail:liyongjian@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家科技重大专项资助项目(J2019-IV-0020-0088)。

Research on Leakage Characteristics of Thermoplastic Labyrinth Seals on High Pressure Differential

LIU Yue1, HUANG Min1, LI Yongjian2, AN Qi2, JIANG Jie3   

  1. 1. Mechanical Electrical Engineering School, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100192;
    2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084;
    3. Material Equipment Center, Chengdu Drainage Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610039
  • Received:2023-08-15 Revised:2023-12-10 Online:2024-08-05 Published:2024-09-24

摘要: 耐磨损抗腐蚀等优点的热塑性材料迷宫密封可以有效降低泄漏量,但关于大压差下的泄漏特性研究相对较少。考虑大压差下密封环变形与流场的相互作用,建立三维双向流固耦合模型,分析其内部流场特点,以此研究迷宫密封的间隙变化及泄漏特性。搭建迷宫密封实验系统,该系统可实现最高3 MPa试验压差。在大压差的实验条件下,气体膨胀导致的温度降低是影响泄漏量的关键因素之一。通过分析密封流场特点发现气体在密封间隙内的实际流通截面类似拉瓦尔喷管结构,该结构有助于气体在间隙内加速。气体在最后一级密封间隙处达到音速后会形成“堵塞现象”,该现象会导致最后一级空腔内流场压力显著升高。通过固体模型分析得出流场压力导致密封环整体变形也是影响密封间隙的重要因素。最终,通过实验验证了流固耦合模型的准确性,模型计算结果与实验测量结果最大误差为6.2%。

关键词: 迷宫密封, 泄漏, 双向流固耦合, 大压差, 堵塞现象

Abstract: Wear-resistant and corrosion resistance thermoplastic material labyrinth seals can effectively reduce leakage. However, the research on leakage characteristics under large pressure difference is relatively few. Considering the interaction between seal ring deformation and flow field under large pressure difference, a three-dimensional bidirectional fluid-structure interaction model is used to analyze the internal flow field characteristics of the labyrinth seal, and the clearance changes and leakage characteristics under large pressure difference can be obtained. Labyrinth sealing experimental system is conducted, which can achieve a maximum pressure of 3 MPa. Under condition of large pressure difference, the low temperature caused by gas expansion is one of the key factors affecting the leakage. By analyzing the seal flow field characteristics, it is found that the actual flow cross-section of gas in the seal clearance is similar to the Laval nozzle structure, which can help the gas accelerate within the clearance. Blockage phenomenon occurs when the gas reaches the speed of sound at the final stage sealing clearance, which will lead to a significant increase in the flow field pressure in the final stage sealing groove. The solid model analysis shows that the sealing ring deformation caused by flow field pressure is also an important factor affecting the sealing clearance. Finally, the accuracy of the fluid structure coupling model is verified by experiments, and the maximum error between the calculated results and measured results is 6.2%.

Key words: labyrinth seals, leakage, two-way fluid-structure interaction, large pressure difference, blockage phenomenon

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