基于仿真和动物试验的3岁儿童胸腹部软组织器官损伤风险研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2019.18.132

机械工程学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (18): 132-141.doi: 10.3901/JME.2019.18.132

• 运载工程 • 上一篇

基于仿真和动物试验的3岁儿童胸腹部软组织器官损伤风险研究

韩勇^1,2,3, 彭乐园^1,3, 潘迪^1,3, 唐慧聪^1,3, 黄红武^1,3, 水野幸治⁴

1. 厦门理工学院机械与汽车工程学院厦门 361024;
2. 陆军军医大学(第三军医大学)交通医学研究所重庆 400038;
3. 福建省客车及特种车辆研发协同创新中心厦门 361024;
4. 名古屋大学机械系统工程系名古屋 464-8603 日本

收稿日期:2018-10-30 修回日期:2019-03-20 发布日期:2020-01-07
通讯作者: 韩勇(通信作者),男,1984年出生,博士,副教授。主要研究方向为人体损伤生物力学,汽车碰撞安全。E-mail:Yonghan@xmut.edu.cn
作者简介:彭乐园,女,1992年出生,硕士研究生。主要研究方向为汽车碰撞安全。E-mail:pengleyuan0919@foxmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51675454）和福建省自然科学基金（2016J01748）资助项目。

Soft Tissue Injury Risk in Chest and Abdomen of 3YO Child Based on Simulation and Animal Experiments

HAN Yong^1,2,3, PENG Leyuan^1,3, PAN Di^1,3, TANG Huicong^1,3, HUANG Hongwu^1,3, MIZUNO Koji⁴

1. School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024;
2. Institute for Traffic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038;
3. Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for R & D of Coach and Special Vehicle, Xiamen 361024;
4. Department of Mechanical Science & Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603 Japan

Received:2018-10-30 Revised:2019-03-20 Published:2020-01-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 根据联合国欧洲经济委员会导入的R129法规儿童约束系统台车正面碰撞条件，结合有限元仿真和动物试验的方法，研究3岁儿童在前置护体型和五点式背带型儿童约束系统（Child restraint system，CRS）中的胸腹部软组织损伤风险。在有限元分析中，采用3岁儿童假人Q3和THUMS（Total human model for safety）第四代学术版3岁儿童（Three-year old，3YO）人体有限元模型，建立两款CRS台车正面碰撞数值分析模型，对比3岁儿童乘员在两款CRS中的运动学响应、损伤参数及胸部软组织器官损伤参数；为了检验动态载荷下在前置护体型和五点式背带型CRS中，胸腹部内软组织器官是否有受到损伤，使用7头质量在9.7~13 kg的西藏小猪放置在台车上进行动态加载试验，通过解剖学处理并进行损伤严重程度评分（Injury severity score，ISS）评价小猪胸腹部内脏损伤。仿真结果表明，Q3假人和THUMS 3YO有限元模型的运动学响应和胸部压缩量存在很大差异；THUMS 3YO在前置护体型CRS中胸部变形压缩率为39.25%，AIS（Abbreviated injury scale，AIS）4级的损伤风险为50%；两款CRS的THUMS 3YO儿童乘员胸腹部内脏软组织器官所受的应力应变均超出了损伤阈值。在前置护体型CRS中，儿童胸腹部软组织所受应力应变在区域和数值上相对于五点式背带型CRS更大，发生胸腹部软组织损伤的风险也更大。动物试验结果表明，在前置护体型CRS中，肺挫伤、冠状动脉撕裂、肝撕裂是常见的胸腹部损伤，小猪即使不发生肋骨骨折也有内脏器官损伤。研究结果有助于儿童乘员胸部损伤机理研究和防护系统的开发。

关键词: 儿童乘员安全, CRS, 胸腹部损伤, 动物试验, 有限元分析

Abstract: The chest and abdomen soft tissue injury risk to three-year old (3YO) child occupant in a child restraint system (CRS) is investigated by using finite element (FE) simulation and animal experiments, based on the UN R129 dynamic test regulation. In which, Q3 dummy FE models and total human model for safety (THUMS) 3YO Occupant Model Academic Version 4 (THUMS 3YO VA4C) and two types of CRSs (impact shield and 5-point harness) were used. The child kinematic response, chest physical injury parameters, and the chest soft inner organs parameters are compared in two types of CRSs. To clarify whether internal organ injuries due to chest compression can occur for an impact shield and a 5-point harness CRS, seven experiments are performed using Tibetan miniature pigs with weights ranging from 9.7 kg to 13 kg under dynamic loadings. The chest and abdomen soft tissue injury of the pigs is analyzed by autopsy and marked using Injury Severity Score (ISS). The simulation results show that significant difference of the kinematics and chest deformation observed in Q3 and THUMS 3YO FE models, the chest deformation rate of THUMS 3YO FE model is 39.25% in the impact shield CRS, which predicted a 50 percentage of Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 4 injury risk. The stress and strain distribution of chest and abdomen visceral organs of THUMS 3YO in the two CRSs are larger than the injury threshold. Moreover, in the impact shield CRS, the distribution of the stress-strain and absolute value is larger than that in 5-point harness CRS, to predict a higher chest injury risk in impact shield CRS. Severe internal organ injuries (lung contusion, coronary artery laceration, liver laceration) are found for the CRS with an impact shield and the pigs' internal organ injuries without rib fractures could occur in the CRS equipped with an impact shield. The results can be benefit for investigating the chest injury mechanism of the children and development of the protection system for the children.

Key words: child occupant safety, CRS, chest and abdomen injuries, animal experiment, finite element analysis

中图分类号:

U461

韩勇, 彭乐园, 潘迪, 唐慧聪, 黄红武, 水野幸治. 基于仿真和动物试验的3岁儿童胸腹部软组织器官损伤风险研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2019, 55(18): 132-141.

HAN Yong, PENG Leyuan, PAN Di, TANG Huicong, HUANG Hongwu, MIZUNO Koji. Soft Tissue Injury Risk in Chest and Abdomen of 3YO Child Based on Simulation and Animal Experiments[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2019, 55(18): 132-141.

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基于仿真和动物试验的3岁儿童胸腹部软组织器官损伤风险研究

Soft Tissue Injury Risk in Chest and Abdomen of 3YO Child Based on Simulation and Animal Experiments

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