不同燃油温度下柴油机喷嘴空穴流动特性试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2018.22.177

机械工程学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (22): 177-183.doi: 10.3901/JME.2018.22.177

• 可再生能源与工程热物理 • 上一篇下一篇

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不同燃油温度下柴油机喷嘴空穴流动特性试验研究

何旭^1,2, 李彦凯^1,2, 石永昊^1,2, 侯兴和^1,2, 李向荣^1,2, 刘福水^1,2, 黎一锴^1,2

1. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院北京 100081;
2. 北京电动车辆协同创新中心北京 100081

收稿日期:2017-08-21 修回日期:2018-08-14 出版日期:2018-11-20 发布日期:2018-11-20
通讯作者: 黎一锴(通信作者),男,1986年出生,博士,副教授。主要研究方向为内燃机燃油雾化机理。E-mail:liyikai@bit.edu.cn
作者简介:何旭,男,1976年出生,博士,副教授。主要研究方向为可视化燃烧。E-mail:hhexxu@bit.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51476011）和北京理工大学基础研究基金（B12022）资助项目。

Experimental Study of the Cavitation Flow Characteristics in Diesel Engine Nozzle Under Different Injection Temperatures

HE Xu^1,2, LI Yankai^1,2, SHI Yonghao^1,2, HOU Xinghe^1,2, LI Xiangrong^1,2, LIU Fushui^1,2, LI Yikai^1,2

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
2. Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing 100081

Received:2017-08-21 Revised:2018-08-14 Online:2018-11-20 Published:2018-11-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为喷射系统的终端，喷油器内部的空穴流动对燃油雾化具有重要影响。采用比例放大透明喷嘴，研究不同燃油温度对喷嘴内空穴流动及其对近场喷雾的影响。引入无单位参数空穴数表征喷油器内燃油空化程度，研究发现燃油温度升高，其空穴初生时的压力减小，同一空穴数下，空穴程度更强烈。同时，试验观察到喷嘴内空穴区域的不对称性，喷孔管壁下壁面的空穴分布远大于上壁面的空穴分布；发生超空穴之后，随着空穴数的增加，试验结果中喷嘴内部的空穴流动变化不太明显，但仿真结果中看出喷孔出口流速减小。相同燃油温度下，随着空穴数增加，体积流量增加，流量系数减小，空穴相对面积增加，近场喷雾锥角增大；相同空穴数下，燃油温度增加使体积流量和流量系数都增加，空穴相对面积逐渐增大，近场雾化效果更好。

关键词: 海上风力机, 欧拉模型, 气动性能 , 湿空气, 柴油机, 可视化, 空穴, 喷雾, 喷嘴

Abstract: As the terminal of injection system, the cavitation inside the injector significantly influences the atomization of fuel spray. The impact of fuel temperature on the cavitation inside the nozzle and the fuel distribution near the nozzle is investigated by using a scale-up transparent nozzle of the actual diesel engine nozzle. The no-unit number called cavitation number is introduced to characterize the potential of cavitation in the injector. The results show that increasing fuel temperature increases the saturated vapor pressure, decreases the cavitation inception pressure, and strengthens the cavitation intensity with the same cavitation number. The asymmetry of the cavitation zone is observed in the nozzle. Much more vapor bubbles due to cavitation at the bottom of nozzle surface are observed than these at the upper nozzle surface. When the super cavitation occurs, the cavitation flow in the nozzle has no significant change with the increasing of cavitation number, while the velocity decreases. Under the condition of same fuel temperature, increasing cavitation number can result in the increase of volume flow rate, the relative area of cavitation, and the spray angle near the nozzle, but decreasing the flow coefficient. Under the condition of same cavitation number, increasing the fuel temperature can result in the increase of volume flow rate and flow coefficient, as well as increasing the relative area of cavitation, which leads to a better atomization of the spray.

Key words: Aerodynamic performance, Eulerian wall film model, Moist air, Offshore wind turbine, cavitation, diesel engine, nozzle, spray, visualization

中图分类号:

TQ028

何旭, 李彦凯, 石永昊, 侯兴和, 李向荣, 刘福水, 黎一锴. 不同燃油温度下柴油机喷嘴空穴流动特性试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2018, 54(22): 177-183.

HE Xu, LI Yankai, SHI Yonghao, HOU Xinghe, LI Xiangrong, LIU Fushui, LI Yikai. Experimental Study of the Cavitation Flow Characteristics in Diesel Engine Nozzle Under Different Injection Temperatures[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 54(22): 177-183.

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不同燃油温度下柴油机喷嘴空穴流动特性试验研究

Experimental Study of the Cavitation Flow Characteristics in Diesel Engine Nozzle Under Different Injection Temperatures

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