陇海线小断面隧道动力集中动车组运行时气动载荷数值模拟研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260864

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 动力集中动车组过陇海线单线小断面隧道时，气动载荷与瞬时压力变化威胁行车安全及旅客舒适性，研究针对此气动特性进行了数值分析。采用空气动力学仿真与滑移网格技术，研究不同速度下9编组动车组的气动载荷与表面压力变化，并从时域与频域探讨速度、隧道长度对侧向力、阻力、升力等参数的影响。结果表明，列车速度越高，侧向力越大；头车与中间车侧向力较小，尾车受空气旋涡影响最显著，可达整车的60%以上，对整体侧向力起主导作用。最不利隧道长度随速度升高而减小，尾车侧向力幅值可达600%。气动侧向力持续作用时间长，可能影响轨道稳定性并导致尾车晃动。列车在隧道中运行时，正压减小、负压增大；尾车出入口处压力不对称，受尾涡影响，两侧压力差87～375 Pa。普通条件下，头车气动阻力约为尾车的4倍；在最不利隧道中，入隧时阻力迅速上升，随后波动。头车受压缩波增阻、膨胀波减阻，中间车变化较小，尾车规律相反。列车进出隧道时升力波动明显，速度由120 km/h增至160 km/h时升力增幅可达200%，峰值随隧道长度增大而增强。3车升力占全车58%，对速度变化最敏感。研究成果为提升列车运行安全与乘坐舒适性、保障陇海线高效稳定运营提供技术支撑。

关键词: 动力集中动车组, 隧道, 气动载荷, 数值模拟

Abstract: When power-concentrated EMUs pass through single-track small-section tunnels on the Longhai Line, aerodynamic loads and instantaneous pressure changes threaten the safety of train operation and the comfort of passengers. The study conducted numerical analysis on this aerodynamic characteristic. By using aerodynamic simulation and sliding mesh technology, the aerodynamic load and surface pressure changes of 9-carriage EMUs at different speeds are studied, and the influences of speed and tunnel length on parameters such as lateral force, drag and lift are discussed from the time domain and frequency domain. The results show that the higher the train speed, the greater the lateral force. The lateral forces of the lead vehicle and the middle vehicle are relatively small, while the rear vehicle is most significantly affected by the air vortex, which can account for more than 60% of the entire vehicle and plays a dominant role in the overall lateral force. The most unfavorable tunnel length decreases as the speed increases, and the lateral force amplitude of the rear vehicle can reach 600%. If the aerodynamic lateral force acts continuously for a long time, it may affect the stability of the track and cause the rear vehicle to sway. When a train runs in a tunnel, the positive pressure decreases and the negative pressure increases. The pressure at the entrance and exit of the rear vehicle is asymmetrical. Affected by the tail vortex, the pressure difference on both sides is 87 to 375 Pa. Under normal conditions, the aerodynamic resistance of the lead vehicle is approximately four times that of the rear vehicle. In the most unfavorable tunnel, the resistance rises rapidly upon entry and then fluctuates. The leading vehicle experiences increased drag due to compression waves and decreased drag due to expansion waves, while the middle vehicle changes relatively little. The pattern for the rear vehicle is the opposite. When the train enters and exits the tunnel, the lift fluctuates significantly. When the speed increases from 120 km/h to 160 km/h, the lift increase can reach 200%, and the peak value intensifies with the increase of the tunnel length. The lift of the three-car accounts for 58% of the total vehicle and is the most sensitive to changes in speed. The research results provide technical support for enhancing the safety and comfort of train operation and ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the Longhai Railway.

Key words: powered carriage train set, tunnel, pneumatic load, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

U451
U270

黄尊地, 刘夕语, 刘镕源, 常宁, 凌亮. 陇海线小断面隧道动力集中动车组运行时气动载荷数值模拟研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(16): 179-195.

HUANG Zundi, LIU Xiyu, LIU Rongyuan, CHANG Ning, LING Liang. Numerical Simulation Study on Aerodynamic Loads during the Operation of Power-concentrated EMUs in Small-section Tunnels on the Longhai Line[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(16): 179-195.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I16/179

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