高温陶瓷微通道换热器研究现状与其增材制造展望

doi:10.3901/JME.260074

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高温陶瓷微通道换热器因兼具材料的耐高温性与结构的紧凑性，是新一代高能效热力系统的关键技术方向。然而，高温陶瓷材料固有的高熔点、高硬度和高脆性特征限制了复杂微通道结构的一体化制造。当前采用预制冷/热微通道陶瓷板材沿高度方向交替堆叠的分体式层压制造，存在空间利用率低、流动-传热场协同失配等问题，限制了结构紧凑度与换热效率的提升。增材制造技术凭借其逐层一体化构建复杂结构的优势，突破了传统工艺的设计与制造限制，使微通道结构设计从 “工艺驱动”向“性能驱动”转变，并在提升空间利用效率与强化流动-传热协同方面展现出显著潜力。系统综述了近年来高温陶瓷微通道换热器在增材制造领域的研究进展，重点分析了结构设计策略、制造工艺路径、关键技术挑战及典型应用场景，探讨了其未来发展趋势，旨在为高效高紧凑微通道换热器的创新设计与工程化应用提供技术参考。

关键词: 增材制造, 陶瓷微通道换热器, 微通道设计, 热性能

Abstract: High-temperature ceramic microchannel heat exchangers, which combines excellent thermal resistance with structural compactness, represent a critical technology for next-generation high-efficiency thermal systems. However, the intrinsic high hardness and brittleness of ceramic materials pose significant challenges to the integrated fabrication of complex microchannel architectures. Conventional approaches typically adopt a two-dimensional stacked assembly of prefabricated cold/hot microchannel plates along the height direction. This leads to low spatial utilisation and mismatches between fluid flow and heat transfer fields, thereby limiting both structural compactness and heat transfer performance. Additive manufacturing (AM), with its unique capability for layer-by-layer integrated construction of intricate structures, breaks through the design constraints of the conventional approach. It enables a paradigm shift in microchannel design from a “manufacturing-driven” to a “performance-driven” approach, offering significant potential for maximizing spatial efficiency and enhancing field synergy between flow and heat transfer. This review systematically summarizes recent status in the additive manufacturing of high-temperature ceramic microchannel heat exchangers, with a focus on structural design strategies, fabrication processes, technical challenges, and representative application scenarios. Furthermore, development trends are discussed in the context of practical demands, aiming to provide technical guidance for the innovative design and engineering application of high-performance microchannel heat exchangers.

Key words: additive manufacturing, ceramic microchannel heat exchangers, microchannel design, thermal performance

中图分类号:

TG156

蔡基利, 石磊, 虞胡喆, 何子临, 刘子怡, 蔡超, 史玉升. 高温陶瓷微通道换热器研究现状与其增材制造展望[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 125-136.

CAI Jili, SHI Lei, YU Huzhe, HE Zilin, LIU Ziyi, CAI Chao, SHI Yusheng. Additive Manufacturing Research Status and Development of High-temperature Ceramic Microchannel Heat Exchangers[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(3): 125-136.

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