高速车轮踏面逆向设计快速递推算法

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.24.180

摘要/Abstract

摘要： LMA车轮型面与60钢轨匹配时动力学性能优良，与60 N钢轨匹配时等效锥度较低，易导致车辆低频晃车，且车辆的小半径曲线通过能力不足。因此有必要对LMA踏面进行优化设计，使踏面匹配60 N钢轨时能具备与LMA踏面匹配60轨相同的动力学性能。为此，基于轮轨接触关系和车辆系统动力学理论，在车轮型面逆向设计法的基础上，解决踏面设计过程中轮径差与接触点分布之间的矛盾问题，提出一种线性递推的车轮踏面逆向设计改进方法。应用该方法对LMA踏面进行优化，得到LMA04N踏面，并对踏面优化前后的轮轨关系和动力学性能进行对比分析。结果表明：LMA04N踏面与60 N钢轨匹配名义等效锥度提升至0.04，锥度曲线与LMA匹配60钢轨的锥度相近，轮轨接触点分布更加均匀，同时优化轮轨应力，有利于改善车轮凹磨；LMA04N踏面与60 N轨匹配时临界速度比LMA踏面提高20%，低锥度晃车得到有效抑制，小半径曲线通过安全性提高。综上所述，车轮型面逆向设计快速递推算法可以有效实现踏面优化设计，优化后的LMA04N踏面实现了与60 N轨的良好匹配，可以更好地保障车辆的动力学性能。

关键词: 车轮型面逆向设计, 轮轨接触关系, 车辆系统动力学, 等效锥度

Abstract: LMA wheel profile has good dynamic performance when matching with 60 rail, but its equivalent conicity is lower when matching with 60N rail, which easily leads to vehicle shaking at low frequency, and insufficient curve passing ability when vehicle passes through small radius curve. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the LMA profile so that it can have the same dynamic performance as the LMA-60 when it matches the 60N rail. In order to solve the above problems, based on wheel-rail contact relationship and vehicle system dynamics theory, and based on the wheel profile inverse design method, an improved method of linear recurrence inverse design is put forward on the basis of wheel profile inverse design method, the contradiction between wheel diameter difference and contact point distribution during profile design is solved, and an improved method of linear recursive inverse design of wheel profile is put forward. This method is applied to optimize the LMA wheel profile, obtaining the LMA04N wheel profile, the wheel-rail relationship and dynamic performance of LMA and LMA04N profiles are compared and analyzed. The results show that the wheel-rail relationship of LMA-60 is achieved by matching LMA04N wheel profile with 60N rail profile, with nominal equivalent conicity of 0.04, more uniform distribution of wheel-rail contact points, optimizing wheel-rail stress and improving wheel concave wear. When LMA04N wheel profile is used to match the 60N rail, the critical speed is 20% higher than that of LMA profile. The shaking of the vehicle with low conicity is effectively suppressed and the safety of small radius curve is improved. At the same time, LMA04N wheel profile and 60 rail profile also achieve a good match. In conclusion, the fast recursive algorithm for wheel profile reversal design can effectively realize the wheel profile optimization design, and the optimized profile LMA04N achieves a good match with the 60N rail, which can better guarantee the dynamic performance of the vehicle.

Key words: wheel profile reverse design method, wheel-rail rolling contact, vehicle system dynamics, equivalent conicity

中图分类号:

U270

张笑, 池茂儒, 谢雨辰, 蔡吴斌, 李奕潇, 代亮成. 高速车轮踏面逆向设计快速递推算法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(24): 180-189.

ZHANG Xiao, CHI Maoru, XIE Yuchen, CAI Wubin, LI Yixiao, DAI Liangcheng. Fast Recursive Algorithm for Reverse Design of High Speed Wheel Profiles[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(24): 180-189.

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