CFRP层间钻削出口损伤机理及多参量优化设计

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.19.430

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 碳纤维增强复合材料(Carbon fiber reinforced plastics, CFRP)因其优异特性在航空航天、军工国防等核心领域得到广泛应用。钻削是实现CFRP制孔的最常用方式。为满足某些特殊场景需求，以钻削方向平行于CFRP层间界面为主要加工特征的新型层间钻削方式开始涌现，其出口损伤形成机制与影响因素成为制约CFRP层间制孔技术的关键。遵从理论与实验相结合的方法，研究了CFRP层间钻削出口损伤的形成机理，探讨了钻头角度、加工参量等因素的影响规律，构建了CFRP层间钻削轴向力和出口损伤的数学预测模型，并进一步以低轴向力、低损伤为目标开展了多参量优化设计。结果表明：层间钻削出口损伤主要受主切削刃和副切削刃影响，而横刃影响较小。在层间钻削出口，0°纤维层主要产生纤维剥离损伤，90°纤维层的纤维断裂模式主要依赖于纤维切削角，在45°或135°纤维层内形成层内撕裂损伤。随钻头顶角增加轴向力增大，出口毛刺和层内撕裂减少。螺旋角对轴向力的影响相对较小，但增大螺旋角会减少出口毛刺。随进给量增加轴向力增大，综合损伤因子减小，而主轴转速的影响则不明显。为获得较低的轴向力和出口损伤，本研究建议采用的刀具角度和加工参量匹配组合为：钻头顶角80.5°、螺旋角15.2°、主轴转速11 385 r/min、进给量0.010 6 mm/r。

关键词: CFRP, 层间钻削, 出口损伤, 钻头角度, 加工参量

Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) have been widely used in the core fields of aerospace, military industry and national defense due to their excellent properties. Drilling is the most common way to achieve hole making of CFRP. Aimed to meet the needs of some special scenes, the new interlaminar drilling mode with the main characteristics of drilling direction parallel to the CFRP interlaminar interfaces begins to emerge. The formation mechanism and influencing factors of the outlet damage have become the key to restrict the interlaminar drilling technology of CFRP. According to the method of combining theory with experiment, the formation mechanism of outlet damage for CFRP interlaminar drilling is studied, the influence laws of factors such as drill bit angles and machining parameters are discussed, the mathematical prediction models of axial force and outlet damage for CFRP interlaminar drilling are constructed, and the multi parameter optimization design with the goal of low axial force and low damage is further carried out. The results show that the outlet damage of interlaminar drilling is mainly affected by the main and auxiliary cutting edges, while the influence of the chisel edge is little. At the outlet of interlaminar drilling, the 0° fiber layer mainly produces fiber peeling damage, and the fiber fracture mode of 90° fiber layer mainly depends on the fiber cutting angle, forming the interlayer tear damage in 45° or 135° fiber layer. With the increase of tip angle, the axial force increases, and the burr and interlayer tear of the outlet decrease. The influence of helix angle on the axial force is relatively little, but increasing the helix angle can reduce the burr of outlet. With the increase of feed rate, the axial force increases and the comprehensive damage factor decreases, while the influence of spindle speed is not obvious. In order to obtain the lower axial force and outlet damage, the matching combination of tool angles and machining parameters recommended in this work is as follows: the tip angle is 80.5°, the helix angle is 15.2°, the spindle speed is 11 385 r/min, and the feed rate is 0.010 6 mm/r.

Key words: CFRP, interlaminar drilling, outlet damage, drill bit angle, machining parameters

中图分类号:

TB332

李树健, 李晴晴, 杨彭, 刘翔宇, 李常平, 李鹏南. CFRP层间钻削出口损伤机理及多参量优化设计[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(19): 430-442.

LI Shujian, LI Qingqing, YANG Peng, LIU Xiangyu, LI Changping, LI Pengnan. Outlet Damage Mechanism and Multi Parameter Optimization Design for CFRP Interlaminar Drilling[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(19): 430-442.

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