碳化硅陶瓷材料的摩擦与润滑研究进展

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.13.192

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 结构陶瓷材料具有高硬度、耐磨损、耐腐蚀、耐高温及化学性质稳定等突出优点，被广泛应用于摩擦学领域。随着服役工况的日益复杂，在高温、重载、强辐射等环境下，结构陶瓷摩擦元件的应用仍然面临着巨大的挑战。因此，工业界对陶瓷的摩擦性能提出了更高的要求，降低陶瓷材料的摩擦磨损成为材料科学与摩擦学领域重要课题之一。由于陶瓷材料磨损形式和机理复杂，目前未见通用的摩擦学模型可以解释所有陶瓷的摩擦磨损。本文以碳化硅陶瓷材料为例，对碳化硅的摩擦与润滑研究进展进行了综述，涵盖碳化硅陶瓷的磨损机制，水润滑技术，固体润滑复合材料，表面工程技术及制备工艺等方面，旨在促进SiC陶瓷材料在摩擦学领域的应用与发展，同时为其他结构陶瓷材料的润滑技术提供参考。

关键词: 碳化硅, 耐磨减摩, 水润滑, 固体润滑, 表面技术, 制备工艺

Abstract: Structural ceramic materials, characterized by their high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high-temperature tolerance, and chemical stability, are widely applied in tribology field. However, as service conditions become increasingly complex, particularly in environments with high temperatures, heavy loads, and intense radiation, the application of structural ceramic friction components still faces significant challenges. Consequently, the industrial sector has set higher standards for the tribological properties of ceramics, making the reduction of friction and wear in ceramic materials a pivotal research topic in materials science and tribology. Due to the complex wear forms and mechanisms of ceramic materials, no universal tribological model currently exists to explain the friction and wear of all ceramics. Therefore, this paper takes silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic materials as an example to review the progress in research on the friction and lubrication of SiC, covering aspects such as wear mechanisms of SiC ceramics, water lubrication techniques, solid lubricating composites, surface engineering technologies, and preparation processes. The aim is to promote the application and development of SiC ceramic materials in tribology while providing a reference for lubrication techniques of other structural ceramic materials.

Key words: SiC, anti-friction and anti-wear, liquid lubrication, solid lubrication, surface technology, preparation technology

中图分类号:

TG156

罗子超, 刘秀波, 程巍, 李新功, 夏杰, 郑军. 碳化硅陶瓷材料的摩擦与润滑研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(13): 192-212.

LUO Zichao, LIU Xiubo, CHENG Wei, LI Xingong, XIA Jie, ZHENG Jun. Review of Tribology and Lubrication for Silicon Carbide Ceramic[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(13): 192-212.

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