压气机叶片高性能切削加工技术研究进展

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.09.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 新一代高推重比航空发动机对压气机叶片的抗疲劳制造技术提出了更高要求。切削加工作为叶片减材制造的重要手段，在保证叶片几何精度的同时直接影响叶片表面完整性。大量研究表明叶片表面完整性与其疲劳性能紧密相关。当前叶片的主要金属材料为轻质高强的钛合金和高温合金，但由于钛合金和高温合金是典型的受力热影响显著的材料，加之切削加工过程中存在十分复杂的力-热能场，其耦合作用对叶片表面完整性的影响十分巨大。因此，为探明压气机叶片高性能切削加工技术的发展方向，首先分析了压气机叶片型面的发展历程和切削加工叶片疲劳失效的原因；其次，分别针对光滑表面叶片和仿生表面叶片对高性能切削加工技术的国内外研究现状进行了调研和梳理；最后，总结了叶片高性能切削加工中存在的问题，并对压气机叶片高性能切削加工研究的未来发展趋势进行了展望。为实现面向抗疲劳性能优化的航空发动机压气机叶片切削加工提供了一定的发展趋势参考。

关键词: 压气机叶片, 高性能切削加工, 疲劳性能, 表面完整性, 仿生表面

Abstract: The high thrust-to-weight ratio of aero-engine imposes higher requirements on the anti-fatigue manufacturing of aero-engine compressor blades. As an important method of blade material reduction manufacturing, cutting processing directly affects the surface integrity of the blade when ensuring the geometric accuracy of the blade. Extensive studies have shown that blade surface integrity is closely related to its fatigue performance. At present, the primary blade metal materials are lightweight and high-strength titanium alloys and superalloys. Since titanium alloys and superalloys are typical thermo-mechanical sensitive materials, and there is a very complex force-heat energy field in the cutting process, the surface integrity of blades is significantly affected. Therefore, to explore the future development of anti-fatigue cutting technology of aero-engine compressor blade, this study begins by summarizing the development of blade surface and the underlying causes of fatigue failures during the cutting process. Secondly, the domestic and abroad research status of anti-fatigue cutting technology of aero-engine blades for non-bionic and bionic surface blades is investigated and sorted out. Finally, the problems existing in anti-fatigue cutting of blades are summarized, and the future development trend of anti-fatigue cutting research of aero-engine blades is prospected. This study provides a theoretical reference for the machining of aero-engine blades for anti-fatigue performance optimization.

Key words: aero-engine compressor blade, anti-fatigue manufacture, fatigue performance, surface integrity, bionic surface

中图分类号:

V232

李靖, 徐天昊, 罗明. 压气机叶片高性能切削加工技术研究进展[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(9): 23-45.

LI Jing, XU Tianhao, LUO Ming. A Review of Aero-engine Compressor Blade Cutting Technology for High Fatigue Performance[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(9): 23-45.

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