• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (2): 35-42.doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.02.035

• 材料科学与工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同钢轨材料棘轮行为试验研究

樊译璘, 阚前华, 赵吉中, 徐祥, 康国政   

  1. 西南交通大学力学与工程学院 成都 610031
  • 收稿日期:2019-02-25 修回日期:2019-07-30 出版日期:2020-01-20 发布日期:2020-03-11
  • 通讯作者: 阚前华(通信作者),男,1980年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为轮轨滚动接触疲劳。E-mail:qianhuakan@foxmail.com
  • 作者简介:樊译璘,女,1994年出生。主要研究方向为重载轮轨塑性匹配。E-mail:yilinfan@foxmail.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2017YFB0304500)、国家自然科学基金(U1734207)、四川省杰出青年基金(2017JQ0019)和四川省国际合作(2017HH0038)资助项目。

Experimental Study on Ratcheting Behavior of Different Rail Steels

FAN Yilin, KAN Qianhua, ZHAO Jizhong, XU Xiang, KANG Guozheng   

  1. School of Mechanics and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031
  • Received:2019-02-25 Revised:2019-07-30 Online:2020-01-20 Published:2020-03-11

摘要: 棘轮行为诱导的滚动接触疲劳失效是钢轨伤损的主要形式之一,分析不同钢轨材料在循环载荷作用下的棘轮行为演化规律,对线路钢轨选材具有重要指导意义。针对现役的热轧U71Mn、热处理U71Mn、热轧U75V和热处理U78CrV四种钢轨材料分别限定初始最大塑性应变和峰值应力相同,开展了循环塑性变形行为试验研究,讨论不同钢轨材料棘轮行为的演化规律的差异。结果显示:在试验涉及的四种钢轨材料中,热处理U78CrV和热轧U71Mn分别拥有最高和最低的屈服强度、极限强度;当棘轮应变初始值相近时,热处理钢轨棘轮应变演化速率无论是初期还是稳定期都高于热轧钢轨;当峰值应力相同时,强度更高的钢轨抵抗塑性变形的能力更高。不同钢轨材料在失效棘轮应变相近时的疲劳寿命差异较大,疲劳寿命随失效棘轮应变的增加而降低,且稳定棘轮应变率可用于钢轨危险位置的疲劳裂纹萌生寿命预测。

关键词: 钢轨, 棘轮行为, 塑性累积, 应力循环, 稳定棘轮应变率

Abstract: The rolling contact fatigue failure induced by ratcheting behavior is one of the main modes of rail damage. The investigations of ratcheting behavior evolutions of different rail steels under cyclic loadings are useful for guiding the rail material selection in service. Experimental investigations on cyclic plastic deformation behavior of hot-rolled U71Mn, heat-treated U71Mn, hot-rolled U75V and heat-treated U78CrV rail steels are carried out. The maximum initial plastic strain and peak stress are limited in the same values, respectively, the difference in ratcheting behavior evolutions of different rail steels is discussed. The results show that, for the four materials investigated in experiments, the heat-treated U78CrV and hot-rolled U71Mn rails have the largest and smallest yield strength and ultimate strength, respectively; when the initial ratcheting strain values are similar, the ratcheting strain rates of heat-treated rail steels are larger than that of hot-rolled rail steels, no matter in the initial stage or in the stable stage; when the peak stress is constant, the higher strength rail steel is more resistant to the plastic deformation. The fatigue lives of different steels at a similar failure ratcheting strain are very different, the fatigue lives decrease with the increasing failure ratcheting strain, and the stable ratcheting strain rate can be used for predicting the fatigue crack initiation life at a critical location of different rails.

Key words: rail, ratcheting behavior, plastic accumulation, stress cycling, stable ratcheting strain rate

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