高速铁路道岔尖轨轨底伤损SH导波原位检测方法研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2021.18.002

机械工程学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (18): 2-14.doi: 10.3901/JME.2021.18.002

• 特邀专栏：高速铁路钢轨检测监测与应用 • 上一篇下一篇

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高速铁路道岔尖轨轨底伤损SH导波原位检测方法研究

胡松涛¹, 石文泽^1,2, 卢超^1,3, 陈果¹, 沈功田¹

1. 南昌航空大学无损检测技术教育部重点实验室南昌 330063;
2. 中国科学院声学研究所声场声信息国家重点实验室北京 100190;
3. 赣南师范大学江西省数值模拟与仿真技术重点实验室赣州 341000

收稿日期:2020-10-30 修回日期:2021-06-07 出版日期:2021-09-20 发布日期:2021-11-30
通讯作者: 卢超(通信作者),男,1971年出生,博士,教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为超声检测及仪器。E-mail:luchaoniat@163.com
作者简介:胡松涛,男,1994年出生。主要研究方向为超声检测及仪器。E-mail:1598091433@qq.com;石文泽,男,1986年出生,博士,讲师,硕士研究生导师。主要研究方向为超声检测及仪器。E-mail:70658@nchu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（12064001，51705231，52065049）、江西省自然科学基金重点（20192ACBL20052）、江西省科技厅科技计划（20204BCJL22039，20192BCD40028）、南昌航空大学研究生创新专项（校级项目）（YC2019039）、江西省青年科学基金（20181BAB216020）和声场声信息国家重点实验室开放课题（SKLA201912）资助项目。

Research on In-Situ Detection of Damage in the High-speed Railway Turnout Bottom Based on Shear Horizontal Guided Wave

HU Songtao¹, SHI Wenze^1,2, LU Chao^1,3, CHEN Guo¹, SHEN Gongtian¹

1. Key Laboratory of Nondestructive Testing, Ministry of Education, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang 330063;
2. State Key Laboratory of Acoustic Field and Acoustic Information, Academy of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190;
3. Key Laboratory of Simulation and Numerical Modeling Technology of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000

Received:2020-10-30 Revised:2021-06-07 Online:2021-09-20 Published:2021-11-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 道岔是铁路轨道的最薄弱环节，高速列车在经过道岔钢轨时，急骤地改变运行方向，对道岔产生巨大的竖向和横向冲击力，使得道岔钢轨轨底容易产生伤损。现有的高速铁路轨道无损检测技术难以对道岔钢轨轨底伤损实施原位不拆卸检测，给高铁安全运行带来重大隐患。本文考虑道岔钢轨的变截面特性以及弹扣垫板等道岔部件对检测的影响，选用SH模态导波，将道岔尖轨轨底简化为变截面窄板，基于Bloch-Floquet边界和域约束的有限元特征频率法，分析了道岔变截面轨底结构的SH导波频散特性，绘制了SH₁导波在变截面窄板内相速度和群速度变化曲线。通过建立SH导波在变截面窄板中的传播有限元模型，研究了SH₀/SH₁导波在变截面窄板中的传播与模态转换特性。设计并制作了SH₀导波电磁超声换能器（Electromagnetic acoustic transducer，EMAT），并对道岔变截面轨底裂纹进行SH₀导波检测对比，采用同步挤压小波变换（Synchrosqueezed wavelet transform，SWT）对导波检测信号进行导波模态分离和噪声滤除。SH检测模式波质点横向振动，受弹扣和垫板等道岔部件影响小。将SWT应用于道岔尖轨轨底导波检测信号处理，减小了信号处理的同步平均次数、实现了导波模态分离和大提离快速检测。经过SWT处理后，SH₀导波检测信号信噪比提高了10.69 dB。

关键词: 高速铁路, 钢轨道岔, SH导波, 有限元特征频率法, 同步挤压小波变换

Abstract: Turnouts are the weakest part of railway tracks. The high-speed trains suddenly change the running direction when passing through the turnout rails, which produces a huge vertical and horizontal impact on the turnouts. This impact making the turnout rail bottom prone to damage. The existing non-destructive testing technology for high-speed railway track is difficult to perform in-situ non-disassembly detection of the damage in the turnout rail bottom, which causes major hidden dangers to the transport safety. According to the variable cross-section characteristics of turnout rails and the influence of turn out components such as the effect of elastic rail fastenings and tie pads on the detection performance, the SH guided wave mode is selected to detect the turnout rails bottom. The switch rail bottom is simplified as a narrow strip with variable cross-section. The finite element eigenfrequency method based on the Bloch-Floquet boundary and domain constraint were employed to analyze the SH guided wave dispersion characteristics of the switch rail bottom, and the group velocity variation line graphs of the SH₁ guided wave propagating in the narrow strip with variable cross-section is plotted. By establishing the finite element model of the SH guided wave propagation in the narrow strip with variable cross-section, the propagation and mode conversion characteristics of the SH₀/SH₁ guided wave in the narrow strip with variable cross-section are studied. An SH₀ guided wave electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is developed, and the switch rail bottom is detected. Synchrosqueezed wavelet transform (SWT) is adopted to remove noise and separate guided wave modes from the raw ultrasonic detected signals. SH guided waves mainly vibrate with in-plane displacement, and they are less affected by the turnout components such as elastic rail fastenings and tie pads. The application of SWT can eliminate the noises, separate the SH guided wave modes, improve the detection efficiency. After the SWT processing, the signal-to-noise ratio of the SH₀ guided wave can be increased by 10.69 dB.

Key words: high-speed railway, railway turnout, SH guided wave, finite element eigenfrequency frequency method, synchrosqueezed wavelet transform

中图分类号:

TH878
TB552

胡松涛, 石文泽, 卢超, 陈果, 沈功田. 高速铁路道岔尖轨轨底伤损SH导波原位检测方法研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2021, 57(18): 2-14.

HU Songtao, SHI Wenze, LU Chao, CHEN Guo, SHEN Gongtian. Research on In-Situ Detection of Damage in the High-speed Railway Turnout Bottom Based on Shear Horizontal Guided Wave[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 57(18): 2-14.

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高速铁路道岔尖轨轨底伤损SH导波原位检测方法研究

Research on In-Situ Detection of Damage in the High-speed Railway Turnout Bottom Based on Shear Horizontal Guided Wave

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