不锈钢微孔超声空化辅助钻削试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2020.01.205

机械工程学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (1): 205-212.doi: 10.3901/JME.2020.01.205

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不锈钢微孔超声空化辅助钻削试验研究

梁志强¹, 马悦², 聂倩倩², 王西彬¹, 周天丰¹, 郭海新², 李玉³, 陈建军³

1. 北京理工大学先进加工技术国防重点学科实验室北京 100081;
2. 北京理工大学机械与车辆学院北京 100081;
3. 山西柴油机工业有限责任公司大同 037036

收稿日期:2019-02-04 修回日期:2019-07-13 出版日期:2020-01-05 发布日期:2020-03-09
通讯作者: 梁志强(通信作者),男,1984年出生,博士,副教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为先进切削磨削与刀具技术、微细加工、微细刀具设计与制造技术、特种机床与装备制造技术。E-mail:liangzhiqiang@bit.edu.cn
作者简介:马悦,女,1996年出生,硕士研究生。主要研究方向为超声辅助钻削、微细钻削。E-mail:15546108005@163.com;聂倩倩,女,1994年出生,硕士研究生。主要研究方向为难加工材料超声空化与超声振动复合钻削方法。E-mail:nieqianqian@bit.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（51575049）、基础科研项目（DEDPHF）和国家重点基础研究计划（2015CB059900）资助项目。

Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Cavitation Assisted Micro Drilling of Stainless Steel

LIANG Zhiqiang¹, MA Yue², NIE Qianqian², WANG Xibin¹, ZHOU Tianfeng¹, GUO Haixin², LI Yu³, CHEN Jianjun³

1. Key Laboratory of Fundamental Science for Advanced Machining, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081;
3. Shanxi Diesel Engine Industoy Co., Ltd., Datong 037036

Received:2019-02-04 Revised:2019-07-13 Online:2020-01-05 Published:2020-03-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对难加工材料微细钻削过程中排屑困难及微孔加工质量差的问题，提出微孔超声空化辅助钻削方法，分析了超声空化作用机理。通过高速摄像机观测超声空化过程，发现变幅杆端面形成了锥型空化区域，其作用范围达到10 mm以上。分别进行直径3 mm和0.5 mm的树脂工件空化钻削试验，发现超声空化效应均显著改善了切屑对刀具的黏附和缠绕现象。进一步进行了不同转速下不锈钢微孔超声空化钻削试验，利用激光扫描显微镜对微孔入口形貌、圆度、孔壁形貌和表面粗糙度进行检测。与普通钻削相比，超声空化钻削的孔径误差降低了8.5%～15.6%，入口圆度误差降低了20.0%～37.8%，孔壁粗糙度降低了12.7%～18.6%。结果表明，超声空化效应能够有效提高微孔钻削的加工质量和精度。

关键词: 超声空化, 微孔形貌, 圆度误差, 表面粗糙度

Abstract: This paper proposes a micro-hole ultrasonic cavitation assisted drilling method to improve chip removal performance and micro-hole machining quality during micro-drilling of difficult-to-machine materials. The mechanism of ultrasonic cavitation is analyzed. Through the observation of ultrasonic cavitation process by high-speed camera, the taper cavitation area is formed on the end face of the horn, and its range of action reaches more than 10mm. Cavitation drilling experiments of resin workpieces with diameters of 3 mm and 0.5 mm are carried out respectively, and it is found that the ultrasonic cavitation effect significantly improves the adhesion and entanglement of the chips to the cutter. Ultrasonic cavitation drilling experiments of stainless steel micro-holes with different spindle speeds are conducted. The entrance morphology, roundness, pore wall morphology and surface roughness of micro-holes are observed and measured by laser scanning microscopy. Compared with ordinary drilling, ultrasonic cavitation drilling reduces the aperture error by 8.5%-15.6%, the entrance roundness error decreases by 20.0%-37.8%, and the hole wall roughness decreases by 12.7%-18.6%. The results show that ultrasonic cavitation effect can effectively improve the quality and accuracy of micro-hole machining.

Key words: ultrasonic cavitation, micro-hole morphology, roundness error, surface roughness

中图分类号:

TG52

梁志强, 马悦, 聂倩倩, 王西彬, 周天丰, 郭海新, 李玉, 陈建军. 不锈钢微孔超声空化辅助钻削试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2020, 56(1): 205-212.

LIANG Zhiqiang, MA Yue, NIE Qianqian, WANG Xibin, ZHOU Tianfeng, GUO Haixin, LI Yu, CHEN Jianjun. Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Cavitation Assisted Micro Drilling of Stainless Steel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2020, 56(1): 205-212.

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不锈钢微孔超声空化辅助钻削试验研究

Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Cavitation Assisted Micro Drilling of Stainless Steel

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