铁素体不锈钢激光熔覆层组织和性能研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2016.12.037

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用无碳合金粉末和低碳合金粉末对铁素体不锈钢进行激光表面熔覆处理,借助光学显微镜(Optical microscope, OM)、扫描电子显微镜(Scanning electron microscopy, SEM)、能谱分析仪(Energy dispersive spectrometry, EDS)、X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffractometry, XRD)、显微硬度仪、摩擦磨损试验仪、电化学工作站对熔覆层显微组织、化学成分、硬度、耐磨性和耐蚀性进行评价。结果表明,两种激光熔覆层均无裂纹、气孔等宏观缺陷,显微组织主要由等轴晶、包状晶、树枝晶和枝间共晶组成。无碳熔覆层与低碳熔覆层均含有α-Fe、Fe-Cr合金相、Cr单质相以及Cr_9.1Si_0.9、Fe_9.7Mo_0.3、Fe_10.8Ni、Fe₁₉Mn等金属间化合物。此外,低碳熔覆层还产生了间隙化合物Cr₇C₃以及马氏体相C_0.055Fe_1.945。低碳熔覆层硬度为750 HV_0.5,显著高于母材硬度250 HV_0.5;无碳熔覆层硬度为650 HV_0.5,其热影响区发生软化。激光熔覆层相对于母材具有更为稳定的摩擦特性以及优异的耐磨性和耐蚀性,其中低碳熔覆层耐磨性和耐蚀性均优于无碳熔覆层。

关键词: 激光熔覆, 耐磨性, 耐蚀性, 铁素体不锈钢, 显微组织

Abstract: Cladding coatings are fabricated on the surface of 0Cr13 ferritic stainless steel by laser cladding with no-carbon and low-carbon alloy powder respectively. The microstructure, phases and properties including micro-hardness, abrasive resistance and corrosion resistance of the cladding layers are investigated by optical microscope(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffractometry(XRD), friction and wear tester and electrochemical workstation. The results show that these two kinds of alloy powder form good cladding layers without defects such as cracks and pores. The microstructures of the cladding layers mainly consist of equiaxed grain, cellular crystal, dentrite and interdendritic eutectic. The common phases of the two cladding layers are α-Fe、Fe-C、Cr、Cr_9.1Si_0.9、Fe_9.7Mo_0.3、Fe_10.8Ni and Fe₁₉Mn. Besides, interstitial compound phase Cr₇C₃ and martensite phase C_0.055Fe_1.945 are observed in the low-carbon cladding layer. The low-carbon cladding layer with a hardness of 750 HV_0.5 shows the highest wear resistance and electrolytic corrosion resistance in comparison with the 0Cr13 matrix with a hardness of 250 HV_0.5 and the no-carbon cladding layer with a hardness of 650 HV0.5. Softening occurred at the heat affect zone (HAZ) of no-carbon cladding layer. Both of the two cladding layers show a more stable frictional characteristic compared with matrix.

Key words: abrasive resistance, corrosion resistance, ferritic stainless steel, laser cladding, microstructure

中图分类号:

TG174

张国栋, 杨辉, 王麒瑜, 张雅芝, 李正刚, 黄旭东, 廖运生. 铁素体不锈钢激光熔覆层组织和性能研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2016, 52(12): 37-45.

ZHANG Guodong, YANG Hui, WANG Qiyu, ZHANG Yazhi, LI Zhenggang, HUANG Xudong, LIAO Yunsheng. Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladding Layer on Ferritic Stainless Steel[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 52(12): 37-45.

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