Abstract: Industry 4.0 is a technology-driven industrial model that focuses on the optimization of production processes and the improvement of efficiency and productivity, while neglecting the most important subject of “human”. Therefore, the concept of Industry 5.0, a new value-driven industrial model, is gradually attracting attention, shifting the focus of industry from technology to the care of human physical and mental health, the sustainable development of nature and the resilience of industry, while as human-machine smart collaboration is the key to the future human-centric smart manufacturing. Such change in value indicates that human-centric smart manufacturing will receive more and more attention, so it is necessary to study such emerging smart manufacturing model in detail, aiming to provide useful reference for the future development of human-centric smart manufacturing. To this end, we first address the industrial revolution and the evolution of the manufacturing paradigm and point out the typical problems of the current manufacturing models; define Industry 5.0, and analyze its main features as well as its difference from and connection with Industry 4.0 in the perspective of “human-society-nature-technology”; then explain in detail the human-machine interaction and the human-machine symbiosis in Industry 5.0; and finally give prospects for human-centric smart manufacturing and its facing problems in the context of metaverse.

Key words: Industry 5.0, Industry 4.0, human-centric smart manufacturing, human-machine collaboration, cobots, metaverse