• CN:11-2187/TH
  • ISSN:0577-6686

机械工程学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (16): 152-159.doi: 10.3901/JME.2018.16.152

• 运载工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

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轨道对高速列车气动阻力特性的影响分析

霍卿, 梅元贵   

  1. 兰州交通大学甘肃省轨道交通力学应用工程实验室 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2017-08-28 修回日期:2018-07-15 出版日期:2018-08-20 发布日期:2018-08-20
  • 通讯作者: 梅元贵,男,1964年出生,博士,教授。主要从事高速列车空气动力学研究。E-mail:meiyuangui@163.com
  • 作者简介:霍卿,男,1984年出生,博士研究生。主要从事高速列车空气动力学研究。E-mail:813956241@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFB1200506-04)。

Rail Effect on Aerodynamic Drag Characteristics of High-speed Train

HUO Qing, MEI Yuangui   

  1. Gansu Province Engineering Laboratory of Rail Transit Mechanics Application, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou
  • Received:2017-08-28 Revised:2018-07-15 Online:2018-08-20 Published:2018-08-20

摘要: 基于CFD三维数值模拟软件,应用时速350公里8编组某型全尺寸高速列车气动模型,研究了轨道及其主要构件对于列车及转向架、受电弓、风挡、不同车厢的气动阻力的影响特性。结果表明:无轨无枕模型与有轨有枕模型比较,前者使整车的压差阻力和摩擦阻力增大,压差阻力增幅约20.9%;幅值增大主要集中在接近车头、车尾的车厢,其中对第2节车的压差阻力影响最大,增幅约110%。轨道制约了轮对尾部涡旋产生和轨面摩擦分别是压差阻力和摩擦阻力减小的主要原因。轨道对于列车部件的影响与空间位置有关,距离轨道越近影响越大,距离轨道越远影响越小。轨道使转向架的压差阻力和摩擦阻力均减小,影响主要集中在头车和第2节车转向架,其中对第2节车的转向架压差阻力影响最大。轨道对风挡和受电弓的气动阻力没有影响。研究表明:轨道对于列车气动阻力的影响是明显的。研究结果能为数值模拟的结果校核和列车减阻优化设计、安全运行提供对比参考。

关键词: 钢轨, 高速列车, 轨道, 轨枕, 气动阻力

Abstract: Based on the three-dimensional CFD numerical simulation software, the aerodynamic model of a full-size high-speed train with an average speed of 350 km/h is applied. The effects of the aerodynamic drag of the train and the bogie, the pantograph, the windshield and the different carriages are studied with the track and its member.The results show that the model without rail and sleeper is compared with rail and sleeper model, which increases the differential pressure drag and friction drag of the vehicle and increases the pressure drag by about 12%. The increase of amplitude is mainly concentrated in the car near the front and the rear of the train, which has the greatest influence on the differential pressure drag of the second car, which increases by about 110%.The main reason for the decrease of the differential pressure drag and friction drag is that the track restricts the generated of the tail vortex and the friction of the rail.The influence of the track on the components of the train is related to the space position. The closer to the track, the influnce is greater. The farther to the track,the influnce is smaller. The track makes the differential pressure drag and friction drag of the bogie decrease, and the influence is mainly concentrated in the head car and the second car bogie, which has the greatest influence on the differential pressure drag of the bogie of the second car. The track has no effect on the aerodynamic drag of the windshield and the pantograph. The results shows that the influence of track on aerodynamic drag of train is obvious. The results can provide a comparative reference for the numerical simulation result checking and drag reducting design and safe operation of the train.

Key words: aerodynamic drag, high speed train, rail, sleeper, track

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