基于CFD的GMAW熔滴过渡行为数值模拟研究现状

doi:10.3901/JME.260746

摘要/Abstract

摘要： GMAW熔滴过渡行为直接影响最终焊缝成形和质量。研究GMAW熔滴过渡过程中电弧、熔滴和熔池之间耦合作用关系对于焊接质量控制和焊接工艺研发、优化具有重要意义。目前，基于CFD理论，建立多物理场耦合数学物理模型并结合实验测量方法，已成为全面分析熔滴过渡过程传质、传热机理的有效手段。以目前应用最为广泛的CFD方法为主线，整理、对比分析了国内外有关GMAW熔滴过渡行为数值模拟研究情况，发现GMAW熔滴过渡行为数值模拟研究正朝着多因素、多物理场、多相耦合方向发展。相关研究依然存在不少有待解决的问题，例如焊丝熔化与凝固、电极鞘层行为、湍流效应等。随着模型复杂程度越来越高，网格数量以及求解方程数量都大幅增加，高精度、高效的CPU/GPU协同并行计算成为未来可能的发展方向。

关键词: 熔化极气体保护焊, 熔滴过渡, 数值模拟

Abstract: The droplet transfer behavior in GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding) directly affects the final weld formation and quality. Investigating the coupling interactions among the arc, droplet, and molten pool during the metal transfer process is of great significance for controlling welding quality and developing or optimizing welding processes. Currently, using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) theory to establish multi-physics coupling mathematical-physical models, combined with experimental measurement techniques, has become an effective approach for comprehensively analyzing the mass and heat transfer mechanisms during droplet transfer. Focusing on the widely adopted CFD methods, this review organizes literature on numerical simulation studies of GMAW metal transfer behavior from both domestic and international perspectives over the years. It reveals that research in this area is advancing toward incorporating multiple factors, multi-physics fields, and multiphase coupling. However, several challenges remain, such as the need for better modeling of wire melting and solidification, the effects of the electrode sheath region, and turbulence effect. As the complexity of models increases, the number of mesh elements and equations to be solved has significantly grown, making high-precision, efficient CPU/GPU collaborative parallel computing the future development direction.

Key words: GMAW, metal transfer, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TG444

李涛, 肖磊, 祝海洋, 袁亮文, 黄健康, 樊丁. 基于CFD的GMAW熔滴过渡行为数值模拟研究现状[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(14): 115-128.

LI Tao, XIAO Lei, ZHU Haiyang, YUAN Liangwen, HUANG Jiankang, FAN Ding. Research Status of Numerical Simulation of GMAW Metal Transfer Behavior Based on CFD[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(14): 115-128.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I14/115

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