基于局部波动的滚动轴承多尺度退化建模与性能评估

doi:10.3901/JME.260694

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (13): 180-192.doi: 10.3901/JME.260694

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基于局部波动的滚动轴承多尺度退化建模与性能评估

李涛¹, 石怀涛^1,2, 白晓天^1,2, 赵成英¹, 高天浩³, 张珂^2,3

1. 沈阳建筑大学机械工程学院沈阳 110168;
2. 高档石材数控加工装备与技术国家地方联合工程实验室沈阳 110168;
3. 沈阳工业大学机械工程学院沈阳 110870

收稿日期:2025-07-27 修回日期:2026-02-16 发布日期:2026-08-28
作者简介:李涛，男，1999年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为旋转机械的故障建模、性能退化评估。E-mail：lt18656200917@163.com;石怀涛(通信作者)，男，1982年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为故障诊断、故障动力学建模和智能运维。E-mail：sht@sjzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划子课题（2023YFB3408502），国家自然科学基金(52075348、52275119、52175107)，辽宁省揭榜挂帅科技攻关专项(2022JH1/10400028，2023JH1/10400043)和沈阳市技术攻关“揭榜挂帅”(NO:22-316-1-17)资助项目。

Multi-scale Modeling and Performance Assessment of Rolling Bearing Based on Local Fluctuations

LI Tao¹, SHI Huaitao^1,2, BAI Xiaotian^1,2, ZHAO Chengying¹, GAO Tianhao³, ZHANG Ke^2,3

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168;
2. National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of NC Machining Equipment and Technology of High-Grade Stone, Shenyang 110168;
3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870

Received:2025-07-27 Revised:2026-02-16 Published:2026-08-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 机械设备退化临界区域的局部波动会导致设置的退化阈值失效，给设备的诊断运维带来挑战。在高精度机械设备中，消除这种不确定性波动的同时会在退化临界区域丢失丰富的故障信息，影响了退化模型的精度。鉴于此，一种基于局部波动的多尺度退化建模的概念和方法被提出。通过将不同时间尺度的振动信号与不同空间尺度的故障演化物理模型进行深度融合，建立了设备性能退化评估的多尺度模型。结果在时间-空间尺度协同建模下将不利的局部波动转化为单调稳定的退化评价指标，既避免了由于不确定性波动造成的退化阈值失效，而且提供了有训练价值的退化特征，进一步突出了时空尺度评估物理系统性能退化的有效性。以滚动接触疲劳失效的退化过程为例，讨论了包含钢和陶瓷的不同塑脆性材料在滚动接触疲劳作用下的退化差异，验证了所提方法获得的退化指标在不同应用场景下的有效性和稳定性。

关键词: 退化阈值失效, 局部波动, 退化建模, 性能评估

Abstract: Local fluctuations in the degradation critical region of mechanical equipment can lead to the failure of the degradation thresholds, bringing challenges to the diagnostic and maintenance. In high-precision mechanical equipment, the elimination of such uncertainty fluctuations also results in the loss of abundant fault information in the degradation critical region, which in turn affects the accuracy of the degradation model. In view of this, the concept and methodology of multiscale degradation modeling based on localized fluctuations is proposed. By intricately integrating vibration signals across different temporal scales with physical models of failure evolution at various spatial scales, a multiscale model for equipment performance degradation assessment is developed. The results transform unfavorable local fluctuations into monotonically stable degradation assessment metrics under synergistic temporal-spatial scale modeling, which not only avoids failure of degradation thresholds due to uncertainty fluctuations, but also provides degradation features with training value, further highlighting the validity of evaluating the degradation of physical system performance at the temporal-spatial scale. Taking the degradation process of rolling contact fatigue failure as an illustration, the degradation differences of plastic and brittle materials containing steel and ceramics under rolling contact fatigue are discussed. The effectiveness and robustness of the degradation indices obtained through the proposed method are validated across diverse application scenarios.

Key words: failure of degradation threshold, local fluctuations, degradation modeling, performance assessment

中图分类号:

TG156

李涛, 石怀涛, 白晓天, 赵成英, 高天浩, 张珂. 基于局部波动的滚动轴承多尺度退化建模与性能评估[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(13): 180-192.

LI Tao, SHI Huaitao, BAI Xiaotian, ZHAO Chengying, GAO Tianhao, ZHANG Ke. Multi-scale Modeling and Performance Assessment of Rolling Bearing Based on Local Fluctuations[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(13): 180-192.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260694

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I13/180

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基于局部波动的滚动轴承多尺度退化建模与性能评估

Multi-scale Modeling and Performance Assessment of Rolling Bearing Based on Local Fluctuations

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