高分辨水溶性牺牲模具增材制造方法及应用研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260429

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (9): 372-382.doi: 10.3901/JME.260429

• 数字化设计与制造 • 上一篇

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高分辨水溶性牺牲模具增材制造方法及应用研究

侯宏瑞, 宋道森, 张广明, 李印, 郭辰旭, 付志国, 周伟, 王萌杰, 段培开, 兰红波

青岛理工大学山东省增材制造工程技术研究中心青岛 266520

收稿日期:2025-06-09 修回日期:2025-11-16 发布日期:2026-07-08
作者简介:侯宏瑞，男，1999年出生。主要研究方向为微3D打印水溶性牺牲模具。E-mail：houhongrui1905@163.com;宋道森，男，1995年出生，博士研究生。主要研究方向为增材制造功能梯度材料、曲面共形高温薄膜传感器等。E-mail：771736636@qq.com;张广明(通信作者)，男，1989年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为微纳尺度3D打印、复合材料增材制造等。E-mail：ustbzgm@163.com;兰红波，男，1970年出生，博士，教授，博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为微纳尺度3D打印、先进电子微纳增材制造，复合微纳增材制造、透明天线、微纳制造。E-mail：hblan99@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52275345,52175331,51875300)、山东省自然科学基金(ZR2023ME194)、山东省高等学校青创科技扶持计划(2021KJ044)和国家自然科学基金重大基础研究(ZR2020ZD04)资助项目。

High-resolution Water-soluble Sacrificial Mold Additive Manufacturing Method and Application Research

HOU Hongrui, SONG Daosen, ZHANG Guangming, LI Yin, GUO Chenxu, FU Zhiguo, ZHOU Wei, WANG Mengjie, DUAN Peikai, LAN Hongbo

Shandong Engineering Research Center for Additive Manufacturing, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520

Received:2025-06-09 Revised:2025-11-16 Published:2026-07-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 3D打印水溶性牺牲模具因具有易去除、成本低、可成型复杂结构以及可保护细微特征等特点，广泛应用于生物支架、微流道等精细表面特征与复杂内部结构的制造。然而，现有墨水直写或熔融沉积成形等3D打印技术在水溶性牺牲模具制造方面存在着精度低(>100 μm)、形貌可控性差等难题。提出了一种电场驱动热熔融微3D打印高精度水溶性牺牲模具的制造方法。首先，研究了增塑剂聚氧化乙烯(Polyethylene oxide，PEO)分子量以及聚乙二醇(Polyethylene glycol，PEG)/聚氧化乙烯混合比例对可打印性的影响；然后，探究了打印参数对线宽和形貌的影响规律，实现了最小线宽30 μm间距30 μm的线栅打印。最后，基于高分辨水溶性牺牲模具设计并制造了聚己内酯(Polycaprolactone，PCL)/Ecoflex双表面微结构摩擦纳米发电机(Triboelectric nanogenerator，TENG)，其结构为30 μm时，可产生86 V开路电压，与90 μm微槽结构相比为其1.32倍，功率密度峰值为156.8 mW/m²，具有优秀的输出性能。因此，该方法为实现高分辨水溶性牺牲模具的加工与微结构的加工提供了新的思路。

关键词: 微尺度3D打印, 水溶性牺牲模具, 微结构, 摩擦纳米发电机

Abstract: 3D printed water-soluble sacrificial molds are widely used in the fabrication of fine surface features and complex internal structures such as biological scaffolds and microfluidic channels due to their easy removal, low cost, ability to mold complex structures, and ability to protect fine features. However, existing 3D printing techniques such as direct ink writing or fused deposition molding have challenges in the fabrication of water-soluble sacrificial molds, such as low precision (>100 μm) and poor controllability of morphology. In this study, an electric field-driven thermal fusion micro-3D printing method for the fabrication of high-precision water-soluble sacrificial molds is proposed. First, the effects of the molecular weight of plasticizer PEO and the mixing ratio of PEG/PEO on the printability are investigated; then, the effects of the printing parameters on the linewidth and morphology are investigated and optimized, and a minimum linewidth of 30 μm with a pitch of 30 μm is achieved for wire grid printing. Finally, a PCL/Ecoflex dual-surface microstructured triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is designed and fabricated based on a high-resolution water-soluble sacrificial mold, which has an open-circuit voltage of 86 V for a 30 μm microgroove structure, which is 1.32 times higher compared with that of the 90 μm microgroove structure, and a peak power density of 156.8 mW/m² with excellent output performance. Therefore, the present method provides a new idea to realize the processing of high-resolution water-soluble sacrificial molds and microstructures.

Key words: microscale 3D printing, water-soluble sacrificial molds, microstructures, triboelectric nanogenerator

中图分类号:

TH164

侯宏瑞, 宋道森, 张广明, 李印, 郭辰旭, 付志国, 周伟, 王萌杰, 段培开, 兰红波. 高分辨水溶性牺牲模具增材制造方法及应用研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(9): 372-382.

HOU Hongrui, SONG Daosen, ZHANG Guangming, LI Yin, GUO Chenxu, FU Zhiguo, ZHOU Wei, WANG Mengjie, DUAN Peikai, LAN Hongbo. High-resolution Water-soluble Sacrificial Mold Additive Manufacturing Method and Application Research[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(9): 372-382.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260429

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I9/372

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高分辨水溶性牺牲模具增材制造方法及应用研究

High-resolution Water-soluble Sacrificial Mold Additive Manufacturing Method and Application Research

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