空间中空型超声电机的动力学仿真分析与极端环境试验研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260377

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对控制力矩陀螺低速框架伺服驱动的低转速、大调速比、高稳定的运行要求，提出了一种可应用于空间极端环境的中空型行波超声电机。首先，对所提出的中空型超声电机进行了动力学仿真分析，开展了中空型超声电机定子的模态和谐响应分析，并探究了转子横截面关键尺寸对中空型超声电机接触应力分布的影响规律。其次，加工并装配了中空型超声电机原理样机，测试了定子的振动特性及样机在常温常压环境下的机械特性和速度稳定性。实验结果表明，定子能够激励耦合出旋转行波，并且样机的机械输出性能能够满足控制力矩陀螺低速框架伺服驱动的需求。最后，为了评估样机与控制力矩陀螺应用环境的适配性，首次开展了较为全面的空间极端环境试验研究。在真空、高/低温复合环境下测试了样机的电学特性、机械特性、温升特性以及速度稳定性。实验结果表明，样机可在真空度小于1×10^-3 Pa，温度范围为-10～50 ℃的环境中长时间带载低速运行，满足了控制力矩陀螺低速框架伺服驱动的技术指标需求，验证了空间中空型超声电机在控制力矩陀螺低速框架上的应用潜力。

关键词: 中空型超声电机, 控制力矩陀螺, 动力学仿真分析, 结构优化, 空间模拟环境

Abstract: A hollow-type traveling wave ultrasonic motor that can be applied to the extreme environment of space is proposed for the low rotational speed, large speed ratio and high stability operation requirements of the low-speed frame servo drive of the control moment gyro (CMG). Firstly, the dynamic simulation analysis is conducted on the proposed hollow-type ultrasonic motor, the modal and harmonic response analysis of the stator of the hollow-type ultrasonic motor is carried out, and the influence of the key dimensions of the rotor on the contact stress distribution of the hollow-type ultrasonic motor is explored. Secondly, the prototype of the proposed hollow-type ultrasonic motor is fabricated. The vibration characteristics of the stator and the mechanical output characteristics and speed stability of the prototype are tested in a conventional environment. The experimental results show that the stator can be excited the rotating traveling wave, and the mechanical output performance of the prototype can meet the requirements of low-speed frame servo drive of the CMG. Finally, in order to evaluate the adaptability of the prototype to the application environment of the CMG, a relatively comprehensive space extreme environment test is carried out for the first time. The electrical characteristics, mechanical characteristics, temperature rise characteristics, and speed stability of the prototype are tested in a composite environment of vacuum and variable temperature. The experimental results show that the prototype can operate at low speed with load for a long time with a vacuum degree less than 1×10^-3Pa and a temperature range of -10～50 ℃, meeting the technical indicators required for the low-speed frame servo drive of the CMG, verifying the application potential of the space hollow-type ultrasonic motor in the low-speed frame of the CMG.

Key words: hollow-type ultrasonic motor, control moment gyro, dynamics simulation analysis, structural optimization, space simulation environment

中图分类号:

TM356

安海涛, 贾博韬, 王亮, 吴金涛, 潘松, 赵盖. 空间中空型超声电机的动力学仿真分析与极端环境试验研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(7): 269-283.

AN Haitao, JIA Botao, WANG Liang, WU Jintao, PAN Song, ZHAO Gai. Dynamics Simulation Analysis and Extreme Environment Test Research of Space Hollow-type Ultrasonic Motor[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(7): 269-283.

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http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I7/269

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