一种充气式液电馈能悬架结构设计及其性能优化

doi:10.3901/JME.260375

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对重型车辆垂向大负载、复杂行驶工况下传统悬架系统阻尼元件能量损耗难以高效回收问题，面向车辆长距离运输对节能与舒适性的需求，提出了一种充气式液电馈能悬架(Inflatable hydraulic-electric energy regenerative suspension，IHERS)系统结构设计方法并分析其阻尼与能量回收特性。考虑重型车辆车身结构及驾驶室舒适性因素，建立了配置IHERS系统的五自由度半车模型，阐述系统在拉伸与压缩两种工况下的工作原理，基于基尔霍夫定律得到IHERS系统的能量回收功率，进而推导了不同工况下IHERS的阻尼力表达式；分析了活塞直径、活塞杆直径及液压马达排量等参数变化对IHERS系统传递率幅频特性在不同频率区间的影响；基于车身垂向加速度、悬架动行程及车轮动载荷构建适应度函数，通过遗传算法对IHERS系统参数进行优化。仿真结果表明，当车辆以20 m/s的速度在C级道路上行驶时，优化后的IHERS系统能量回收效率最大可提升34.35%，驾驶室垂向加速度降低了47.96%，显著提升了车辆舒适性。研究结果可为重型车辆的电动化、节能发展需求提供理论参考。

关键词: 车辆悬架, 能量回收, 垂向振动, 阻尼力, 参数优化

Abstract: In order to solve the problem that the dissipated energy of the damping elements of the traditional suspension system for heavy duty vehicles is difficult to recover efficiently, especially under the vertical and large loads and complex driving conditions, a structural design method of Inflatable hydraulic-electric energy regenerative suspension (IHERS) system is proposed to meet the requirements of energy saving and comfort under long-distance transportation of vehicles. The damping characteristics and energy recovery characteristics are analyzed. Considering the body structure of HDV and the comfort of the cab, a five-degree- of-freedom half-car model with IHERS system is established. The working principle of the system under tension and compression conditions is expounded. The energy recovery power of the IHERS system is obtained based on Kirchhoff's law, and the damping force expression of IHERS under different working conditions is derived. The effects of piston diameter, piston rod diameter and hydraulic motor displacement on the amplitude and frequency characteristics of IHERS system in different frequency ranges are analyzed. Based on the vertical acceleration of the body, the dynamic stroke of the suspension and the dynamic load of the wheel, the fitness function is constructed, and the parameters of the IHERS system were optimized by genetic algorithm. The simulation results show that when the vehicle is driving on a C-level road 20 m/s, the energy recovery efficiency of the optimized IHERS system can be increased by up to 34.35%, and the vertical acceleration of the cab can be reduced by 47.96%, which significantly improves the vehicle ride comfort. The research provides a theoretical reference for the development needs of electrification and energy saving of heavy-duty vehicles.

Key words: vehicle suspension, energy recovery, vertical vibration, damping force, parameter optimization

中图分类号:

U463.33

张步云, 王祥, 罗明露, 王勇, 张云顺, 徐兴, TAN Chin-An. 一种充气式液电馈能悬架结构设计及其性能优化[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(7): 244-254.

ZHANG Buyun, WANG Xiang, LUO Minglu, WANG Yong, ZHANG Yunshun, XU Xing, TAN Chin-An. Structural Design and Performance Optimization of a New Inflatable Hydraulic-electric Energy Regenerative Suspension System[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(7): 244-254.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260375

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I7/244

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