汽车碰撞高低阶联合仿真方法与真实感仿真平台开发

doi:10.3901/JME.260195

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 有限元方法在汽车、军工等工业领域应用广泛，但在汽车碰撞等复杂工况下，其受限于计算资源，在效率方面存在显著局限。针对有限元方法效率低、难以仿真运动全程、难以沉浸式了解仿真结果等缺点，基于高低阶联合仿真方法开发了汽车碰撞真实感仿真平台。为了均衡仿真效率与仿真精度，开发了可用于汽车非碰撞时段的物理仿真算法，并联合该物理仿真算法与传统有限元算法，实现了汽车碰撞运动的全过程模拟。并且，通过仿真数据和场景数据的耦合渲染，实现了仿真过程的真实感呈现，成功开发了真实感仿真平台。此外，为了验证联合仿真方法和仿真平台的计算性能，采用有限元方法进行汽车碰撞仿真，对比结果显示，在物理仿真阶段，如速度等计算结果平台仿真与有限元仿真一致，并将计算时间缩短至有限元方法的0.35%。在发生碰撞的大变形阶段，内能增量与有限元方法相差1.10%，加速度最大偏差为3.51%，将总仿真时间缩短为有限元方法的21.01%。在可视化方面，真实感仿真平台具有较强沉浸感，提供了更加直观的可视化方式，提高了理解、分析仿真数据的效率。通过汽车碰撞算例，验证了仿真平台在工业应用中的可行性，证明了高低阶联合仿真平台相比有限元软件在汽车碰撞场景中有更高的效率、更好的实用性。

关键词: 仿真平台, 有限元, 物理仿真, 真实感, 联合仿真

Abstract: FEM(Finite Element Method) is widely used in industrial fields such as automotive and defense. However, under complex scenarios like vehicle collisions, FEM is subject to notable constraints because of computational resource limitations. Considering the drawbacks of the low efficiency of FEM and the difficulty to simulate the motion over the entire duration and learn about the simulation results immersively, a realistic simulation platform for the case of vehicle collision is developed based on the high-order and low-order coupled simulation method. After comprehensive measurement of the efficiency and accuracy of the simulation, the physical simulation method is developed for non-collision scenarios in automotive applications, which is combined with traditional FEM to simulate the entire course of vehicle motion. And the presentation of realistic simulation results is realized by the coupling of the simulation and scene data and the realistic simulation platform is developed successfully. In addition, the vehicle collision is simulated to verify the method of coupled simulation and computing performance of the platform with the FEM. The results demonstrate that the simulation outputs, such as velocity, are consistent with the FEM and the calculation time is reduced to 0.35% of the FEM at the stage of physical simulation. The difference of the increment of internal energy between the simulation platform and FEM is 1.10%, and the difference of acceleration maximum is 3.51% and the total calculation time is reduced to 21.01% of the FEM when focusing on the large deformation. In terms of visualization, the realistic simulation platform is highly immersive, offering a more intuitive means of visualizing and improving the efficiency of understanding and analyzing simulation data. The feasibility of the simulation platform in the industrial application is verified through the automotive collision case, and the platform proves to be more efficient and practical for automotive collision scenarios than FEM software.

Key words: simulation platform, finite element method, physical simulation, realistic rendering, coupled simulation

中图分类号:

U461

李林聪, 王胜全, 曾翔, 蔡勇, 何小伟. 汽车碰撞高低阶联合仿真方法与真实感仿真平台开发[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 62(6): 314-324.

LI Lincong, WANG Shengquan, ZENG Xiang, CAI Yong, HE Xiaowei. High-order and Low-order Coupled Simulation Method for Automotive Collision and Development of a Realistic Simulation Platform[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 62(6): 314-324.

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链接本文: http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/10.3901/JME.260195

http://www.cjmenet.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V62/I6/314

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