钛螺纹空心铆钉电磁拉铆成形工艺研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260049

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于电磁加载原理的电磁铆接技术是一种能够实现精确调节加载幅值、脉宽且具有良好一致性和重复性的铆接工艺。为拓展电磁加载方式在封闭/半封闭结构单向连接的应用，实现难成形材料空心铆钉的高质量、高一致性拉铆成形，研制了一款基于电磁加载的手持式钛螺纹空心铆钉安装设备，该设备能够通过旋转机构旋入旋出铆钉，同时具备平头和弯头拉铆两种拉铆方式，可以实现正常工况以及狭窄工况下空心铆钉的单向安装。使用该设备在不同铆接电压下进行安装工艺试验并观察钛螺纹空心铆钉的成形情况，获得了平头与弯头拉铆成形能够实现高质量铆接的电压选取范围；最终通过ABAQUS数值模拟并结合铆枪施加的铆接力波形、铆钉内部应力场分布以及失效风险位置区域建立了铆接电压与铆接质量的关系图谱，并分析了空心铆钉的成形过程与镦头断裂原因。试验结果表明，手持式电磁拉铆设备具有良好的一致性，且能够实现两种工况下空心铆钉的高质量单向成形。

关键词: 空心铆钉, 机械连接, 电磁铆接, 电磁铆枪, 有限元仿真

Abstract: The electromagnetic riveting technology based on the principle of electromagnetic loading is a riveting process that can accurately adjust the pulse amplitude and pulse width, with good consistency and repeatability. To expand the application of electromagnetic loading methods in the unidirectional connection of closed/semi-closed structures and to achieve high-quality, high-consistency drawing of hollow rivets made from difficult-to-form materials, a handheld titanium threaded hollow rivet installation device based on electromagnetic loading has been developed. This device can insert and extract rivets through a rotating mechanism and is equipped with both flat-head and bent-head drawing methods, enabling the unidirectional installation of hollow rivets under normal and confined conditions. Experiments on the installation process are conducted using this device at different riveting voltages, and the forming conditions of the titanium threaded hollow rivets are observed. The voltage range for achieving high-quality riveting with both flat-head and bent-head drawing methods is obtained. Ultimately, through ABAQUS finite element analysis combined with the riveting force waveform applied by the riveting gun, the stress field distribution inside the rivet, and the potential failure risk areas, the relationship between riveting voltage and riveting quality is established, and the forming process and fracture reasons of the hollow rivets are analyzed. The experimental results indicate that the handheld electromagnetic drawing device has good consistency and can achieve high-quality unidirectional forming of hollow rivets under both conditions.

Key words: threaded hollow rivets, mechanical joining process, electromagnetic riveting, electromagnetic riveting gun, finite element analysis

中图分类号:

V461

于萌辰, 宋彰桓, 张铭豪, 霍鲁斌, 曹勇, 曹增强. 钛螺纹空心铆钉电磁拉铆成形工艺研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(2): 218-228.

YU Mengchen, SONG Zhanghuan, ZHANG Minghao, HUO Lubin, CAO Yong, CAO Zengqiang. Research on the Electromagnetic Riveting Forming Process of Titanium Threaded Hollow Rivets[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(2): 218-228.

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