工艺参数对激光选区熔化Ni-Ti合金微观组织和宏观性能的影响

doi:10.3901/JME.260080

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用激光选区熔化(Selective laser melting, SLM)增材制造技术制备了Ni-Ti形状记忆合金(Shape memory alloys, SMAs)，系统研究了不同激光功率、扫描速度、激光能量密度下SLM成形Ni-Ti SMAs的成形质量、微观组织、马氏体相变行为、力学性能和超弹性。结果表明：为获得相对密度不低于99%的SLM成形Ni-Ti SMAs，应选择低激光功率与低扫描速度组合，高激光功率与高扫描速度组合，且激光能量密度应大于45 J/mm³。当扫描方式采用x/y交替扫描策略时，所有SLM成形Ni-Ti SMAs样品均形成长度方向与沉积方向平行的柱状晶组织，且随着激光能量密度的增加(对应激光功率的增加或扫描速度的降低)，柱状晶的长度和宽度均增加。同时，随着激光能量密度的增加，SLM成形Ni-Ti SMAs的马氏体相变特征温度提高，因此应力诱发马氏体相变临界应力降低。采用57.1 J/mm³低能量密度制备的SLM成形Ni-Ti SMAs在室温压缩变形时的名义屈服强度约1 208 MPa，预变形8%时的超弹性可回复应变约6.9%。随着激光能量密度的增加，SLM成形Ni-Ti SMAs的室温名义屈服强度先增加后降低，超弹性可回复应变不断降低。

关键词: 激光选区熔化, Ni-Ti合金, 形状记忆合金, 超弹性, 马氏体相变

Abstract: Ni-Ti shape memory alloys (SMAs) are fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) technology. The effects of laser power, scanning velocity, and volumetric energy density on the forming quality, microstructure, martensitic transformation behavior, mechanical properties, and superelasticity of SLM-fabricated Ni-Ti SMAs are systematically investigated. The results indicate that to achieve a relative density above 99%, a high laser power should be combined with a high scanning velocity, while a low laser power should be paired with a low scanning velocity. Additionally, a minimum volumetric energy density of 45 J/mm³ is required. Regardless of the processing parameters used, columnar grains aligned parallel to the build direction formed in all SLM-fabricated Ni-Ti SMAs when an x/y alternating scanning strategy is applied. And both the length and width of columnar grains increased as the volumetric energy density increased, which corresponds to higher laser power and lower scanning velocity. Moreover, with increasing the volumetric energy density, the characteristic temperatures of martensitic transformation of SLM-fabricated Ni-Ti SMAs increased, and the critical stress for stress-induced martensitic transformation consequently decreased. Samples fabricated with a low energy density of volumetric 57.1 J/mm³ exhibited a nominal yield strength of 1 208 MPa and a superelastic recovery strain of 6.9% under room-temperature compression. As the volumetric energy density further increased, the nominal yield strength first increased and then decreased, while the superelastic recovery strain consistently declined.

Key words: selective laser melting, Ni-Ti alloy, shape memory alloy, superelasticity, martensitic transformation

中图分类号:

TG139
TG665

曾祥栩, 李昭青, 张争艳, 李宜朋, 林坤, 杨潇. 工艺参数对激光选区熔化Ni-Ti合金微观组织和宏观性能的影响[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 203-217.

ZENG Xiangxu, LI Zhaoqing, ZHANG Zhengyan, LI Yipeng, LIN Kun, YANG Xiao. Effect of Processing Parameters on Microstructure and Macroscopic Properties of Ni-Ti Alloys Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(3): 203-217.

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