激光冲击对电弧熔丝直接能量沉积Al-Zn-Mg薄壁构件的性能影响研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260075

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 137-145.doi: 10.3901/JME.260075

• 特邀专栏：增材制造技术 • 上一篇

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激光冲击对电弧熔丝直接能量沉积Al-Zn-Mg薄壁构件的性能影响研究

黎凯^1,2, 蒋笑^1,2, 方学伟¹, 陈瑞凯^1,3, 王航¹, 李昌泽¹, 黄科¹, 卢秉恒¹

1. 西安交通大学机械工程学院西安 710049;
2. 上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司上海 200245;
3. 中国航空工业集团公司洛阳电光设备研究所洛阳 471000

修回日期:2025-05-22 接受日期:2025-08-29 发布日期:2026-03-25
作者简介:黎凯,男,2000年出生,硕士,助理工程师。主要研究方向为金属增材制造。E-mail:likaijimmy@163.com
方学伟(通信作者),男,1990年出生,博士,副教授,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为高性能大尺寸构件金属增材制造工艺与装备、机器学习与增材制造和多尺度多物理场增材制造过程数值模拟。E-mail:xueweifang@xjtu.edu.cn

Effect of Laser Shock Peening on the Properties of Al-Zn-Mg Thin-walled Structures Fabricated by Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition

LI Kai^1,2, JIANG Xiao^1,2, FANG Xuewei¹, CHEN Ruikai^1,3, WANG Hang¹, LI Changze¹, HUANG Ke¹, LU Bingheng¹

1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049;
2. Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacturer Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200245;
3. Luoyang Institute of Electro-Optical Equipment, China Aviation Industry Corporation, Luoyang 471000

Revised:2025-05-22 Accepted:2025-08-29 Published:2026-03-25
Supported by:
国家自然科学基金青年基金(52205414)和再制造技术全国重点实验室基金(61420052023WD017)资助项目。

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决电弧熔丝直接定向能量沉积(Wire-arc directed energy deposition, WA-DED)制备高强铝合金(Al-Zn-Mg系)薄壁构件高内应力、多气孔缺陷，探索了激光冲击(Laser shock peening, LSP)后处理对沉积态Al-Zn-Mg合金薄壁构件力学性能、残余应力、微观组织演变和孔隙缺陷的影响机制。通过实验发现，LSP能够在试样内部引入影响层深度为1 mm左右的残余压应力层。与沉积态相比(屈服强度：266.6 MPa±0.7 MPa；抗拉强度：406.5 MPa±2.0 MPa)，LSP后Al-Zn-Mg合金屈服强度和抗拉强度分别提升了38.1%和16.1%，达到了368.1 MPa±5.1 MPa和471.9 MPa±9.5 MPa。力学性能的显著升高归因于激光冲击在样品内部引入了高密度位错，并且在冲击表面产生了大量的纳米晶粒。位错强化和细晶强化的协同作用使得LSP试样力学性能显著提高。

关键词: 增材制造, 电弧熔丝直接能量沉积, 激光冲击, Al-Zn-Mg, 力学性能

Abstract: To address the issues of high internal stress and porosity defects in thin-walled high-strength Al-Zn-Mg alloy components fabricated by wire arc directed energy deposition (WA-DED), this study investigates the effect and mechanism of laser shock peening (LSP) as a post-treatment process. The influence of LSP on the mechanical properties, residual stress, microstructure evolution, and porosity of as-deposited Al-Zn-Mg alloys is systematically studied. Experimental results show that LSP introduces significant residual compressive stress inside the specimens, with an affected depth of approximately 1 mm. Compared to the as-deposited condition (yield stress: 266.6 MPa±0.7 MPa, ultimate tensile strength: 406.5 MPa±2.0 MPa), the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the Al-Zn-Mg alloy after LSP increased by 38.1% and 16.1%, reaching 368.1 MPa±5.1 MPa and 471.9 MPa±9.5 MPa, respectively. The remarkable improvement in mechanical properties is attributed to the generation of high-density dislocations within the bulk and the formation of numerous nanograins on the LSP-affected surface. The synergistic effects of dislocation strengthening and grain refinement are responsible for the enhanced mechanical performance of the LSP-treated samples.

Key words: additive manufacturing, wire arc directed energy deposition, laser shock peening, Al-Zn-Mg alloy, mechanical properties

中图分类号:

TH164

黎凯, 蒋笑, 方学伟, 陈瑞凯, 王航, 李昌泽, 黄科, 卢秉恒. 激光冲击对电弧熔丝直接能量沉积Al-Zn-Mg薄壁构件的性能影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(3): 137-145.

LI Kai, JIANG Xiao, FANG Xuewei, CHEN Ruikai, WANG Hang, LI Changze, HUANG Ke, LU Bingheng. Effect of Laser Shock Peening on the Properties of Al-Zn-Mg Thin-walled Structures Fabricated by Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(3): 137-145.

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激光冲击对电弧熔丝直接能量沉积Al-Zn-Mg薄壁构件的性能影响研究

Effect of Laser Shock Peening on the Properties of Al-Zn-Mg Thin-walled Structures Fabricated by Wire Arc Directed Energy Deposition

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