气动激励下高速列车车体受电弓平顶声振特性研究

doi:10.3901/JME.260053

机械工程学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 261-270.doi: 10.3901/JME.260053

• 运载工程 • 上一篇

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气动激励下高速列车车体受电弓平顶声振特性研究

刘舫泊¹, 肖新标², 张捷³, 杨吉忠¹

1. 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司成都 610031;
2. 西南交通大学轨道交通运载系统全国重点实验室成都 610031;
3. 四川大学高分子材料工程国家重点实验室成都 610065

收稿日期:2024-12-10 修回日期:2025-08-21 发布日期:2026-03-02
作者简介:刘舫泊,男,1996年出生,工程师,硕士。主要研究方向为轨道交通减振降噪。E-mail:liufangbo0112@163.com;肖新标,男,1978年出生,博士,副研究员,博士研究生导师。主要研究方向为铁路噪声与振动。E-mail:xinbiaoxiao@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2022YFB2603404),国家自然科学基金(U1934203),云南省科技计划(202303AA080012),四川省科技计划(2020YJ0254),中国中铁股份有限公司科技研究开发计划(2021-重点-18)(2022-重点-27)资助项目。

Study on the Vibro-acoustic Characteristics of Pantograph Flat Roof of High-speed Train Body under Aerodynamic Excitation

LIU Fangbo¹, XIAO Xinbiao², ZHANG Jie³, YANG Jizhong¹

1. China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610031;
2. State Key Laboratory of Rain Transit Vehicle System, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031;
3. State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065

Received:2024-12-10 Revised:2025-08-21 Published:2026-03-02

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为掌握受高速列车电弓区域气动荷载对车体顶板的作用机理及顶板结构的声振响应与传递特性，采用计算流体力学方法对受电弓区域流场进行数值模拟获得气动激励；采用“波数-频率”方法提取到顶板壁面脉动压力的声学分量和对流分量；分别以扩散声场模型和Corcos湍流激励模型分析声学分量和对流分量作用下顶板结构的声振响应及传递特性，并定量分析受电弓平顶各部件对车内噪声的贡献。研究结果表明：受电弓对平顶气动激励主要有涡脱落引发的气动声压以及脱落的漩涡撞击车体壁面产生的湍流激励。350 km/h来流速度下，受电弓平顶壁面总的脉动压力为144.2 dB，其中对流分量为143.5 dB，声学分量为136.4 dB。而由于声学分量的波数更接近受电弓平顶结构的弯曲波波数，因此更能激发受电弓平顶的声振响应：气动声压激励下受电弓平顶的辐射声功率为80.4 dB (A)，湍流激励下的声功率为60.6 d B (A)。气动激励下车体型材是最主要的结构声源，振动传递至内饰顶板辐射噪声是该区域第二大结构噪声源。气动声压激励下车体型材对车内贡献占比77%，内饰顶板占比为17.9%；湍流激励下车体型材对车内贡献占比为67.7%，内饰顶板占比为21.6%。

关键词: 高速列车, 气动噪声, 脉动压力, 受电弓平顶, 声振响应

Abstract: In order to understand the mechanism of the aerodynamic load acting on the carbody roof in the pantograph area of high-speed train and the acoustic-vibration response and transmission characteristics of the roof structure. The CFD method is used to numerically simulate the flow field in the pantograph area to obtain the aerodynamic excitation. The acoustic and convective components of the wall-pressure fluctuation are extracted by the “wave number-frequency” method. The acoustic-vibration response and transmission characteristics of the roof structure under the excitation of acoustic component and convective component are analyzed by DAF diffusion sound field model and Corcos turbulence excitation model respectively. The contribution of the components of the pantograph flat roof to the interior noise of the vehicle under aerodynamic excitation is quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the aerodynamic excitation of the pantograph to the flat roof mainly includes the aerodynamic sound pressure caused by vortex shedding and the turbulent excitation caused by the shedding vortex hitting the wall of the car body. At the flow velocity of 350 km/h, the total WPF on the pantograph flat roof is 144.2 dB, of which the convective component is 143.5 dB and the acoustic component is 136.4 dB. Since the wave number of the acoustic component is closer to the bending wave number of the pantograph flat roof structure, it can better stimulate the acoustic vibration response of the pantograph flat roof. The radiated sound power of the pantograph flat roof under the aerodynamic sound pressure excitation is 80.4 dB(A), and the sound power under the turbulent excitation is 60.6 dB(A). Under the aerodynamic excitation, the car body profile is the most important structural sound source, and the noise radiated by the interior roof is the second largest structural noise source in this area. Under the excitation of aerodynamic sound pressure, the contribution of car body profiles to the interior of the vehicle is 77%, and the contribution of the interior roof is 17.9%. Under turbulent excitation, the contribution of car body profiles to the interior of the car is 67.7%, and the contribution of the interior roof is 21.6%.

Key words: high-speed train, aerodynamic noise, fluctuating pressure, pantograph flat roof, acoustic vibration respons

中图分类号:

U270

刘舫泊, 肖新标, 张捷, 杨吉忠. 气动激励下高速列车车体受电弓平顶声振特性研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2026, 62(2): 261-270.

LIU Fangbo, XIAO Xinbiao, ZHANG Jie, YANG Jizhong. Study on the Vibro-acoustic Characteristics of Pantograph Flat Roof of High-speed Train Body under Aerodynamic Excitation[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 62(2): 261-270.

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气动激励下高速列车车体受电弓平顶声振特性研究

Study on the Vibro-acoustic Characteristics of Pantograph Flat Roof of High-speed Train Body under Aerodynamic Excitation

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