时速450 km最不利隧道压力波对信号灯气动特性影响研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.24.255

摘要/Abstract

摘要： CR450等高铁动车组预计时速将达到450 km，为评估现有安装条件下轨旁信号设备的安全性，建立隧道-列车-信号灯空气动力学模型，研究高速列车在隧道单车运行和隧道等速交会工况下信号灯设备所受压力波的形成机理和变化规律。结果表明：随车速增加，隧道内信号灯正波峰值、负波峰值与压力变化幅值均增大，且信号灯压力波幅值与列车车速的平方呈正比。1 000 m隧道单车运行工况下，时速450 km时信号灯压力波幅值为9 157 Pa，比时速350 km下隧道信号灯压力波幅值约增加了97.4%。等车速最不利隧道交会工况下信号灯压力波动幅值大于最不利隧道单车运行。最不利隧道工况信号灯所受压力和压力波幅值均大于同车速下1 000 m隧道。时速450 km最不利217 m隧道工况信号灯压力波幅值为22 085 Pa，对比于同车速下1 000 m隧道工况的压力波幅值17 511 Pa，约增大了26.1%。对于放置在隧道长度方向中间位置的设施，头尾车进入隧道相差的时间等于隧道长度除以车速时，会受到两次压缩波的冲击，产生二次压力波动。隧道入口处信号灯压力波动幅值最小，可将信号灯放置于隧道入口处，以减小隧道压力波对信号灯的影响，提高其安全性。

关键词: 最不利隧道, 信号灯, 压力波, 气动特性

Abstract: The CR450 and other high-speed trains are anticipated to reach a speed of 450 km/h. To assess the safety of trackside signal equipment under current installation conditions, this study develops an aerodynamic model for tunnel-train-signal lights, investigating the formation and variation of pressure waves on signal light equipment during single-vehicle operation and constant-speed interactions of high-speed trains in tunnels. Results indicate that as vehicle speed increases, the peak values of both positive and negative waves of signal lights within the tunnel, along with the amplitude of pressure changes, also increase. Notably, the amplitude of the signal light pressure wave is directly proportional to the square of the train's speed. In a 1 000 m tunnel operating at a speed of 450 km/h, the signal light pressure wave amplitude is 9 157 Pa, representing an increase of approximately 97.4% compared to a speed of 350 km/h. The pressure wave amplitude experienced by the signal lights under the most challenging tunnel intersection conditions exceeds that of single-vehicle operation in the most adverse tunnel scenarios. The pressure and pressure wave amplitude experienced by the signal lights under the most adverse tunnel conditions exceed those in a 1 000 m tunnel at comparable vehicle speeds. At a speed of 450 km/h in a 217 m tunnel, the most adverse condition results in a signal light pressure wave amplitude of 22 085 Pa, which is approximately 26.1% higher than the 17 511 Pa amplitude in a 1 000 m tunnel at the same speed. For facilities situated midway along the tunnel, when the lead and tail vehicles enter the tunnel at a time difference equivalent to the tunnel length divided by the vehicle speed, they are subjected to two compression waves, leading to secondary pressure fluctuations. The signal light's pressure fluctuation is minimal at the tunnel entrance, suggesting placement there to minimize the effects of tunnel pressure waves and enhance safety.

Key words: most unfavorable tunnel, signal lights, pressure wave, pneumatic characteristics

中图分类号:

U25
U282

黄尊地, 孔维锴, 孟天睿, 常宁, 周子健. 时速450 km最不利隧道压力波对信号灯气动特性影响研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(24): 255-266.

HUANG Zundi, KONG Weikai, MENG Tianrui, CHANG Ning, ZHOU Zijian. Investigating the Effects of the Most Adverse Tunnel Pressure Waves on the Aerodynamic Properties of Signal Lights at 450 km/h[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(24): 255-266.

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