多电弧增材制造高强钢组织转变规律研究

doi:10.3901/JME.2025.23.259

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 多电弧增材制造技术是实现大型高强钢构件高性能、高效率增材制造的重要新途径。模拟了多电弧增材制造直壁温度场，研究了堆积金属多次热循环下的组织特点；分析了3种不同水平间距时构件的组织性能，探究了多电弧增材制造组织调控机理。通过研究发现多电弧增材时堆积金属可分为凝固区、粗晶区、正火区与稳定区四个区域，随着多电弧枪水平间距的增加，堆积金属热循环曲线出现双高温峰特征，高温停留时间增加，平均冷却速度减慢。当水平间距为10 mm时，冷却速度最快，形成以马氏体和上贝氏体组成的组织，堆积金属强度最高韧性较差；当水平间距为30 mm，由于填充电弧的复热作用，冷却速度有所降低，形成以铁素体和板条状无碳化物贝氏体组织的组织，强度下降但是韧性有所上升；当水平间距为50 mm，堆积金属冷却速度最慢，高温停留时间最长，奥氏体晶粒粗化，形成尺寸较大的组织，其强度和韧性均有所下降。因此通过控制电弧枪水平间距实现高强钢堆积金属微观组织控制。

关键词: 多电弧增材制造, 高强钢, 温度场与热循环, 组织转变, 组织调控

Abstract: The multi-arc additive manufacturing technology (M-WAAW) represents a crucial new pathway for achieving high-performance and efficient forming of large-scale high-strength steel components. This study simulated the temperature field of straight-wall components during M-WAAM, investigated the organizational characteristics of metal deposition under multiple thermal cycles. It analyzed the organizational performance of components with three different horizontal spacings and explored the mechanism of organizational control in M-WAAM. The research identified four regions in the metal deposition, including solidification zone, coarse grain zone, normalized zone and stable zone. With an increase in the horizontal spacing of the multi-arc torch, the thermal cycle curve exhibits a characteristic of double high-temperature peaks, resulting in increased high-temperature dwell time and decreased average cooling rate of the metal deposition. Specifically, with a spacing of 10 mm, the metal deposition demonstrates the fastest cooling rate, forming a structure composed of martensite and upper bainite, which exhibits the highest strength but relatively poor toughness. With a spacing of 30 mm, the reheating effect of the filling arc decreases the cooling rate, forming a structure composed of ferrite and bainite, leading to decreased strength but increased toughness. Lastly, with a spacing of 50 mm, the slowest cooling rate and longest high-temperature dwell time lead to grain coarsening of the austenite, forminglarger-sized structures with decreased strength and toughness. Therefore, the microstructure control of high strength steel deposited metal can be realized by adjusting the horizontal spacing of arc torch.

Key words: multi-arc additive manufacturing, high-strength steel, temperature field and thermal cycle, microstructural evolution, microstructural control regulations

中图分类号:

TG156

何天英, 余圣甫, 周杰, 肖宇. 多电弧增材制造高强钢组织转变规律研究[J]. 机械工程学报, 2025, 61(23): 259-269.

HE Tianying, YU Shengfu, ZHOU Jie, XIAO Yu. Research on Microstructure Evolution of High-strength Steel Components in Multi-arc Additive Manufacturing[J]. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 61(23): 259-269.

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